150 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Switzerland : generally common, and extending up to 8000ft. — Geneva district, 

 Versoix (Muschamp), Hermance, Bois des Freres, Chambesy (Reverdin); Valais — 

 Great St. Bernard (Bethune-Baker),Martigny (Blachier), Savieze (Rehfous),Vernayaz 

 (Wheeler), Leuk, the Gemmi Pass (Jones), Berisal, the Laquinthal (Wheeler), 

 Simplon ^Rosa), the Ganter Bridge, Alpien, the Rossboden-Alp (Rehfous), Randa 

 (Reverdin), Zermatt (Lemann), Eiffel Alp, 8000ft. (Bethune-Baker), "Vissoye (Chap- 

 man), Binn (Blachier), Fully, Mont Chemin, Great St. Bernard, Pierre-a-voir, Col 

 de la Forclaz, Bovine, Saillon, Sion, S^erre, Chandolin, Zinal, St. Nicolas, Brigue, 

 Mayenwand, etc. (Favre); Rhone Glacier (Brit. Mus. coll.), Glacier du Trient 

 (Page), Saastbal — Saas-Fee, on the Langefliih (Rowland-Brown); Saas-Grund, 

 Hiiteck, Useigne, Evolene, Arolla, Ferpecle Valley, Col du Torrent (Tutt); Vaud — 

 St. Georges, Eclepens (Wheeler), Dent du Midi (Muschamp), Villeneuve (Reverdin), 

 Frenieres-sur-Bex (Blachier), Rhone valley, Sepey (Lemann), between St. Maurice 

 and Lavey (Hutchinson), Lavey Wood, Bex, Territet (Tetley), Aigle (Gurney), 

 Veytaux (Wheeler), Rochers de Naye, Glion (Chapman); Schwyz— Brunnen (Jones); 

 Glarus — Glarnisch (Muschamp); Uri — Andermatt, Goschenenthal (Tutt); Bern — 

 Kandersteg, Miihlenen (Jones), Macolin (Lowe), Wengen, Kleine Scheidegg (Moss), 

 Meiringen, Grindelwald, Miirren, Engstlen Alp (Bethune-Baker); Basle — Basle (teste 

 Ruhl); Zurich — Zurich (Frey); Unterwalden — Pilatus (Keynes), Engelberg 

 (Bethune-Baker); Grisons — Arosa (Jones), Stein-am-Rhein (teste Ruhl), above 

 Lavin, Roseg Valley (Tutt), Pontresina (Lemann), Tuors Pensch, Bergiin 

 (Zeller), Preda, the Weissenstein (Tutt), Maloja Valley — St. Moritz (Bethune- 

 Baker), Maloja (Brit. Mus. coll.), Heuthal, Bernina Pass (Bethune-Baker); 

 Ticino — Airolo (Godman), Piora, common (Tutt), Campolungo Pass (Muschamp), 

 Chiasso district, common (Knecht), Locarno (Chapman); Solothurn — Dorneck 

 Castle near Dornach (Leonhardt). 



Tribe : Plebeiidi. 

 We have already seen (Nat. Hist. Brit. Lep., viii., pp. 82, 303) 

 that Plebeii is the oldest group name in which the Ruralids were 

 included (Sys. Nat., 10th ed., p. 482), although Rurales was the first 

 under which the "coppers," "blues," and "hairstreaks," were separated 

 from the "skippers" (oj>. cit.), Linne, in 1758, dividing the Plebeii 

 into — 



(1) Plebeii rukales (p. 482), 



(2) Plebeii urbicol/E (p. 484). 



At this date, however, Linne made no further use of his sub- 

 divisions, but prefaced each species in the two groups with letters 

 " P.P." writing in full the names thus contracted at the top of each 

 page " Papilio. Plebejus." Each species, therefore, of this large 

 group Plebeii, was termed (1) a Papilio, (2) a Plebeius, and the species 

 became "Papilio, Plebeius, Argus," etc. Thus Linne applied the 

 name Plebeius to each species in the sense of a modern generic name, 

 indicating however, at the time, that the group was capable of further 

 subdivision. This further subdivision was logically carried out by 

 Fabricius, who, in 1775, designated (Sys, Ent., p. 518) the whole 

 group, after Linne, as Plebeii, but designated each species as "Papilio. 

 Plebeius. Ruralis," thus raising Ruralis to the next group value 

 above a species, Plebeius being retained in our sense of a tribal, and 

 Papilio as a superfamily name. The indication, however, had 

 been made by Linne, in 17(>7, when he indicated at the top of 

 each page of the Systema Xaturae, xiith. ed., pp. 787-793, "Papilio. 

 Plebeius. R.," but only applied the letters " P. P." to the 

 individual species. The fact that Rurales was the first name under 

 which the "coppers," "blues," and "hairstreaks," were separated 

 as a group from the " skippers," led us, as noted above, to adopt 

 (antea, vol. viii., pp. 298 et aeq.) the name Ruralides as the 

 superfamily name for this group. In its first heterogeneous use, there- 

 fore, Linne* created the name Plebeii for the Ruralids and Urbicolids 



