PLEBEIUS. 159 



unci A. bellan/us on the rough herbage of the chalk-hills at Hailing - . 

 This gregarious habit seems to be common to most of our Palpearctic 

 species. 



The distribution of the Plebeiids, in their widest sense, is practically 

 world-wide, and extends from the equator to well within the Arctic 

 Circle, and from sea-level to far above the snow-line, 8000ft. to 

 10000ft., in Europe, and far beyond this in Asia and America, a 2 

 Latiorina aquilo is recorded from 81° 45', by Feilden (Linn. Soc. Joum. 

 Zool., xiv., p. Ill); it was also one of the species obtained in Ross's 

 voyage, being then described by Curtis as Polyommatus franklinii. An 

 allied species, Latiorina ellisi, is recorded by de Niceville from Sanch 

 Pass, in Pangi, in the north-west Himalayas, at an elevation of 14000ft. 

 (Butts. India, iii., p. 87). With such a range, the number of broods 

 must vary considerably ; in high latitudes and altitudes "forwards " 

 are, of course, unknown, in temperate and subtropical regions they 

 increase in number until many species become quite continuously- 

 brooded. 



Genus: Plebeius, TLinne, I Kluk. 



S\non\my. — Genus: Plebeius, Kluk, "Zwierz. Hist. Nat.," iv., p. 81 

 (1780); Crotch, "Cist. Ent.," i., p. 60 (1S72) ; Kirby, "Handbook Lep.," 

 ii., p. 87 (1895); Tutt, "Ent. Rec," vii., pp. 220, 340 (1895); "Brit, 

 Butts.," p. 182, pi. iii., figs. 6-7 (1896); Reuter, " Ent. Rec," x., p. 97 

 (1898); Tutt, "Ent. Rec," xii., pp. 38-9 (1900); xviii., pp. 130, 132 (1906); 

 "Nat. Hist. Brit. Lep.," viii., p. 313 (1906); "Ent. Rec," xxi., p. 58 (1909). 

 iPapilio-] Plebeius, Linn., " Syst. Nat.," 10th ed., p. 483(1758); (?) fPoda, 

 " Mus. Gr.," p. 76 (1761) ; Mull., " Faun. Ins. Frid.," p. 37 (1764) ; Linn., " Sys. 

 Nat.," 12th ed., p. 787 (1767). Papilio, Linn., "Fn. Suec," 2nd. ed., i., p. 2H3 

 (1761); Scop., "Ent. Carn.," p. 177 (1763); (?) (Hufn., " Berk Mag.," ii., p. 72 

 (1766) ; Fuess., " Verz.," p. 31 (1775) ; Harris, " Eng. Lep.," p. 2 (1775) ; Schik., 

 " Schmett. Wien.," pp. 183, 185 (1775) ; Mull., " Zool. Dan. Prod.," p. 115 (1776) ; 

 Schneid., " Sys. Beschr.," p. 252 (1787) ; Lang, " Verz.," 2nd ed., p. 55 (1789) ; 

 Pezold, " Scriba's Beitr.," iii., p. 234 (1793); Bkh., "Rhein. Mag.," k, p. 28!) 

 (1793) ; Lewin, "Ins. Gt. Brit.," p. 82 (1795) ; Hb., " Eur. Schmett.," i., pi. lxiv., 

 figs. 313-315 (1796); "Raup.," k, pi. xxxix., figs. 2a, b (circ. 1800); 111. 

 " Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., ii., p. 272 (1801) ; Hffmgg., " 111. Mag.," iii., p. 184 



(1803) ; Lasp., " Ilk Mag.," iv., p. 65 (1804) ; Herbst, » Nat. Sys. Ins.," xi..p. 239 



(1804) ; Ochs., " Schmett. Sacks.," p. 340 (1805); Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," text, 

 p. 50 {circ. 1805); Ochs., "Die Schmett.," k, pt. 2, p. 57 (1808). [Papilio- 

 Plebeius-] Ruralis, Fab., " Sys. Ent.," p. 525 (1775) ; Goze, " Ent. Beitr.," iii., 

 pt. ik,p. 75 (1780); Bergs., "Nomen.," ii., p. 77 (1780); Fab., "Spec. Ins.." 

 ii., p. 123 (1781); " Mant. Ins.," ii., p. 74 (1787); Bkh., "Sys. Beschr.," k, p. 

 154 (1788) ; ii., p. 225 (1789) ; De Vilk, "Car. Linn. Ent. Fn. Suec," ii., p. 66 

 (1789); Schwarz, "Raup. Kak," k, p., 187 (1791); Rossi, "Fn. Etrus.," ii., 

 p. 156 (1790) ; Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 46 (1803) ; 111., "Rossi Fn. Etrus.," ii., 

 p. 247 (1807). [Hesperia-] Ruralis, Fab., "Ent. Sys.," iii., pt. k, p. 296 (17931; 

 Panz., " Sch. Icon. Ins.," p. 41 (1804). Rusticus, Hb., "Tent.," p. 1 (1806); 

 Scudd., "Hist. Sketch," p. 264(1875); Tutt, "Reprint Hb's. Tentamen, Ent. 

 Rec," xiv., p. 167 (1902); Wheel., " Butts. Switz.," etc., p. 42 (1903). Lycaena, 

 Latr., "Gen. Crust. Ins.," iv., p. 207 (1809); Oken, "Lehrb.," ii., p. 720 

 (1815); Leach, "Edin. Enc," ix., pt. k,p. 129 (1815); Ochs., "Die Schmett.," 

 iv., p. 26 (1816); Sam., "Ent. Comp.," p. 242 (1819); Kolk, "Verz.," p. 9 

 (1832); Treits., " Die Schmett.," x. supp., p. 72 (1834); Freyer, " Neiiere 

 Beitr.," ii., p. 129, pi. clxxv., figs. 1-3 (1836); Bdv., " Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 10 

 (1840) ; Neust. and Korn., " Schmett. Schles.," p. 51, pi. xxiik, figs. 77a-c (1842); 

 H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," k, p. 127 (1843); Evers., "Faun. Volg.-TJral," p. 56 

 (1844); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," p, 32(1844); Meyer-Dur, "Schmett. Schweiz," 

 p. 65(1851); Hdnrch., "Lep. fiuv. Cat. Meth.," p. 14 (1851); Westw. and 



| Probably icarus. 



