166 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Haas. "Nat. Tids.," 3rd ser., ix., p. 895 (1874); Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. 

 It.," vi., p. 110 (1874); Cunl-y-Mart., "Lep. Bare., 1 ' p. 20 (1874); Sand, 

 "Lep. Ber. Auv.," p. 6 (1879); Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 14 (1880); Rossi., 

 " Lep. Wiesb.," p. 29 (1881); Kirby, " Eur. Butts.," p. 52 (1882); Lang, 

 "Butts. Eur.," p. 103, pi. xxiii., rig. 1 (1884); Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 13 

 (1885); Kane, "Eur. Butts.," p. 36,- pi. iv., tig. 2 (1885); Kill., "Ins. Graiib.." 

 ii., p. 17 (1886); Dale, "Brit. Butts.," p. 79 (1890); Brom., "Lep. Riv.." *p. 33 

 (1892); Barr., "Lep. Br. Isl.," i., p. 70, pi. xi., 1-le (1893); Leech. "Butts. 

 China," ii., p. 300 (1893); Riihl, " Pal. Gross-Schmett.," pp. 232, 751 (1892-5); 

 Meyr., " Handbk.," p. 348 (1895) ; Tutt, " Brit. Butts.," p. 182, pi. hi., figs. 6. 7 

 (1896); Grote, " Schmett. Hild.," p. 41 (1897); " Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," 

 p. 58 (1897); Tutt, "'Ent. Rec," xii., pp. 38, 39 (1900); Fleck, " Macr.-Lep. 

 Ruman.," p. 19(1901); Lamb., "Pap. Belg.,"* p. 221(1902). ? Philonome, Bergs.. 

 " Nomen.," ii., p. 72, pi. xliv., fig. 6 (1779) ; Bkh., " Sys. Beschr.," i., pp. 166, 

 280 (1788). Philonomus, Bergs., " Nomen.," ii., p. 73, pi. xliv., figs. 7, 8 (1779); 

 Goze, "Ent. Beitr.," hi., pt. 2, p. 79 (1780); Bkh., "Sys. Beschr.," i., p. 166 

 (1788); Herbst, "Nat. Sys. Ins.," xi., p. 258, pi. ccexvi., figs. 11-13 (1804). 

 Argyrotoxus, Bergs., " Nomen.," ii., p. 77, pi. xlvii., figs. 3, 4 (1779); Staud., 

 "Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 10 (1871); Peyerim., "Lep. Als.," p. 23 (1880); Favre, 

 "Macr.-Lep. Val.," p. 15 (1899). ? Argyra, Bergs., "Nomen.," ii., p. 78, pi. 

 xlvii., figs. 5, 6 (1779). ? Argyrophalara, Bergs., "Nomen.," hi., p. 10, pi. liv., 

 figs. 1, 2 (1779) ; Goze, "Ent. Beitr.," hi., pt. 2, p. 83 (1780). Alsus, Esp., 

 "Schmett. Eur.," i., supp., p. 46, pi. ci. (cont. lvi.), figs. 3, 4 (1782); [Hb., 

 |" Beitr.," i., p. 20, pi. hi., figs. 1-3 (1790)] . Argiades, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," 

 i.,supp., p. 49, pi. ci. (cont. lvi.), fig. 6 (1782). Ismenias,f Hffmgg., "111. Mag.," 

 hi., p. 185 (1803). iEgidion, Meiss., " Naturw. Anz.," p. 88 (1818); Charp.. 

 "Germ, und Zink. Mag.," iv., p. 395 (1821), Meig., " Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 33 

 (1830). Bella, [Bischoff,] H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," i., p. 127, pi. xlix., supp., 

 figs. 227-8, s (1842); Gerh., " Mon. Schmett.," p. 21, pl.xxxvii., figs. la. b (1853). 

 Hypochiona, Ramb., " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 35 (1858).** 



The question of which species is the true aryus of Linne has been 

 a matter that has occupied the ingenuity of entomologists for more 

 than a century. On the strength of Linne's description, quoted infra, 



* As var. of argyrognomon (argus). 



J The figure appears to be argyrognomon, but Hubner, in the text, distinctly 

 contrasts it with the species as given by Esper on pi, xx., which is certainly 

 argyrognomon. 



\ Ismenias was the new name given to this species by Hoffmannsegg, in 

 accordance with his plan of renaming every species about whose correct nomen- 

 clature any doubt or confusion had arisen. Ismenias, Meigen (Eur. Schmett., ii.. 

 p. 33, pi. xlix., figs, oa-d), and ismenias, Gerhard (Mon. Schmett., p. 13, pi. xxiw. 

 figs, 'da-d), are both forms of argyrognomon. 



** Leodorus, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," i., pt. ii.. p. 137, pi. Ixxx. (cont. xxx.i. 

 tigs. 1, 2 ( 1781), described as a distinct species, is referred to as such by all 

 the following authors: — Schneid., "Sys. Beschr.," p. 253 (1787); Bkh., l 

 Beschr.," i., p. 156 (1788) ; Lang, "Very..," ii., p. 54 (1789); Schwarz, " Raup. 

 Kal.," i., pp. 191, 350 (1791) ; Herbst, "Nat. Sys. Ins.," xi., p. 248, pi. ocexvi.. 

 tigs. 1-4 (1804). Meigen (Eur. Schmett., p. 32) gives leodorus, Esp., as a variety 

 of '* aegon," as do Humphreys and Westwood (British Butterflies, p. L09). 

 Stephens, in his Catalogue, p. 25, refers both to Esper's figure and to his own 

 "var. 5" in the "Illustrations" (i., p. 94), but the double reference is wholly 

 unintelligible since he gives the following description: "The upper surface of 

 all the wings of a pale, fulvous-tawny, the exact colour of that of Hipparchia 

 pamphilus." Her bat's leodorus, the uppersides of which are exactly like Esper's 

 (though the undersides are without silver, in spite of his quoting Esper'fl des- 

 cription), is also given by Herrich-Schaffer (1843), and by Lederer (Verh. tool.- 

 but. Oesell., ii., p. 20) as a variety of u aegon." Ochsenheimer, however, had 

 correctly pointed out that both sexes, so culled by Bsper, are 9 forms of "argns" 

 (argyrognomon), the one more, the other less, suffused with blue (Die Schmett.. [., 



pt. ii., p. 56, 1808). Gerhard's leodorus (see infra) is a form of this species, and 

 whs recognised as such by Wallengren. Bergstrasser's pi. exxi., ((ij^s. 1-3 of which 

 represented *• leodorus "), though referred to by other authors, seems not to have 

 been published, see Hagen, " Bib. Ent.," ii. sub uom. Bergetrasser. 



