CYANIRIS. 249 



ed., p. 14 (1871); Mill., " Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 104 (1872) ; Bang-Haas, "Nat. 

 Tids.," 3rd ser., ix., p. 394 (1874); Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vi., p. 113 

 (1874); Sand, "Lep. Ber. Auv.," p. 7 (1879); Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 21 (1880); 

 Peyerim., "Lep. Als.," p. 25 (1880); Bossl., "Lep. Wiesb.," p. 31 (1881); 

 Jourdh., "Lep. Aube," p. 19 (1883) ; Lang, " Butts. Eur.," p. 129, pi. xxxi., fig. 

 5 (1884); Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," vi., p, 15 (1885); Kane, "Eur. Butts.," p. 49 

 (1885); Kill., "1ns. Graub.," p. 21(1886); Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 15 (1888-91); 

 Brom., "Lep. Eiv.," p. 43 (1892) ; Riihl, " Pal. Gr.-Scbmett.," i., pp. 296, 767 

 (1892-5); Favre, "Macr.-Lep. Val.," p. 23(1899); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 

 89 (1901); Fleck, "Macr.-Lep. Kuman.," p. 22 (1901); Lamb., "Pap. Belg.," p. 

 246 (1902). Zephyrus, Dalm., " Vet. Ak. Hand]., p. 95 (1816). Nomiades, Hb., 

 "Verz.," p. 67 (1816-18); Stephs., " Illus. Haust.," iv., app. p. 401 (1834); 

 Scudd., "Hist. Sketch," p. 228 (1875) ; Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 164, pi. ii., figs. 

 8, 9 (1S96) ; Kirby, " Hndbk.," etc., ii., p. 106, pi. xlix., figs. 6, 7 (1896) ; Tutt, 

 "Ent, Rec," vii., pp. 220, 300(1896); Grote, " Schmett. Hild.," p. 42 (1897); 

 Reuter, "Ent. Rec," x., p. 97 (1898); Wheel., "Butts. Switz.," etc., p. 25 (1903); 

 South, "Brit. Butts.," p. 177, pi. cxv., figs. 9-12 (1906). Argus, Dup., "Pap. 

 Fr.," supp. i., p. 390 (1832) ; Cant., "Lep. Var," p. 6 (1833). Chrysophanus, 

 Meyr., "Hndbk.," p. 345 (1895). 



Cyaniris was first described by Dalman as subdivision iii of his 

 heterotypical group Zephyrus, which he says is divisible into three 

 very marked subdivisions — (1) Aurotis, (2) Heodes, and (3) Cyaniris. His 

 description (Vet. Akad. Handl., p. 63) reads as follows : 



Cyaniris. — Antennarum clava brevior distinctior. Alas rotundatge posteriores 

 ad angulum ani non productae. Color saepius supra cyaneus, coeruleus, 1. obscure 

 fuscus, subtus canescens, punctis ocellaribus— Zephyrus argianus, etc. 



In the same work, p. 94, he repeats the diagnosis, but in different 

 words : 



Division iii. : Cyaniris. — Antennarum clava brevior distinctior. Alae ad 

 angulum analem nee caudatse, nee productse, colore ssepius supra cyaneo, ccerules- 

 cente, rarius fusco, subtus canescente punctis ocellaribus. 



Section i. — Alis posticis subtus absque fascia maculari fulva — Zephyrus arion, 



Z. alcon, Z. cyllarus, Z. argianus, Z. argiolus, Z. alsas. 

 Section ii. — Alis posticis subtus fascia maculari fulva intramarginali — Z. 

 iearius, Z. adonis, Z. alexis, Z. agestis, Z. eumedon, Z. optilete, Z. battus, 

 Z. argus. 



The name was next used by Billberg, in 1820 (Enum. Ins., p. 80), 

 who (teste Scudder, Hist. Iievis., p. 150) placed under it all Dalman's 

 species, excepting alcon, and several additional species. The name was 

 then used, in 1836, by de Villiers and Guenee in their Tab. Syn. Lep. 

 Eur., i., p. 19. The authors note it as a group of their comprehensive 

 genus Polyommatus, and divide it into a number of less important 

 divisions. They diagnose it, and subdivide it as follows : 



Chenilles legerement pubescentes, convexes, avec la partie posterieure nn peu 

 deprimee. Chrysalides un peu oblongues. Imagines les quatre ailes ordinairement 

 entieres, arrondies, presque toujours bleues dans les males; dessous avec beaucoup 

 de points ocelles, et la base des inferieures verdatre ou bleuatre- — Cyaniris, Dalm. 

 (Argus, Bdv.). 



Division i. — Dessous des inferieures offrant une serie de taches fauves lunulees 

 plus ou moins sensibles. 



Section i. — Ailes inferieures ayant en dessous, a la moitie de leur largeur et 

 pres du bord terminal, un espace blanchatre assez large, mais court — 



(a) Frange entrecoupee — eorydon, Fab., agestis, Ochs. (artaxerces, Fab., titus, 



Fab.), adonis, Fab. (ceronus, Hb.). 



(b) Frange non entrecoupee — dorylas, Fab. (golgus, Hb.), alexis, Fb., escheri, 



Hub., eros, Ochs. 

 Section ii. — Point d'espace blanchatre au bord marginal des inferieures en 

 dessous — 

 (a) Frange non entrecoupee — iearius. Ochs., argus, Linn. (eaUiopis, Bdv.), 

 aegon, Ochs., optilete, Fab. 



