260 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



the Urals, the Altai, Syria, etc. The spotting of the undersides is 

 somewhat variable, although, in the normal examples of Europe and 

 Asia (excluding the strictly oriental races of the Levant), the spots are 

 largely confined on the forewings and hindwings to the discoidal 

 lunules, the submedian transverse row, and one, two, or three spots 

 between the discoidal of the hindwings and the base. The normal 

 number of dots in the submedian series on the forewings is seven, the 

 last two of which often touch one another, and on the hindwings 

 eight, the last two also often touching. The ocellated spots are 

 usually rounded, edged with white, but vary in shape, in some they 

 are slightly elongated in the direction of the nervures, tending to 

 become cuneate; in others they are lengthened in an opposite 

 direction, forming almost subperpendicular streaks between the 

 nervures, as in Capido sebrus, etc. Reverdin observes (in litt.) that, in 

 many, the spots are very unequal in size on the same wing ; in one $ 

 from Arolla, spots one, three, and five, of the left posterior wing 

 (counted from the anterior margin to the anal angle) strike one by 

 their exaggerated size, and hj the presence of a commencing pupil, a 

 lens showing some white scales in the black part of the ocelli, but not 

 exactly in the centre. Rebel notes [Faun. Balk., i., p. 193) a "peculiar 

 $ , taken at Slivno, 26mm. in expanse, normal on the upperside, the 

 ground colour of the underside pale grey, the forewings with a fine 

 black central spot, the submedian row, pushed very near the margin 

 and curving parallel with it, consisting of five black, pale-centred 

 spots, of which the first (in cell one) and the last (in cell five) are 

 distinctly smaller ; the ocellated spots of the hindwings are distinctly 

 smaller, but present in the full number ; all the wings show white 

 marginal triangles, which are bordered more darkly towards the disc 

 of the wing, and those of the hindwing carry a very fine dark dot 

 in their interior." As between the sexes, the 2 s usually have the spots 

 larger than those of the $ , but, in the same sex, there is considerable 

 difference ; large-spotted forms have been figured and described by 

 Bergstrasser and Zeller, e.g., byzas, Bergstr., byzene, Bergstr., and 

 aetnaea, Zell.; as a matter of fact, the type of the latter presents no 

 other definite aberrational feature, nor does crassipuncta, Gillm. 

 The smaller-spotted forms appear to be very generally typical, 

 especially in the $ s ; we have failed to detect any in those we 

 have examined, with very small spots ( = ab. parvipuncta, Gillm.), 

 unless the number is also reduced; those with the smallest spots in 

 the British Museum coll., have come from Norway, Parnassus, Ussuri, 

 but in almost all these cases the numbers are also lessened. The 

 specimens with tendency to elongation of some of the ocellated 

 spots, in the direction of the nervures, have been twice named, viz. 

 striata, Wheeler ( = elon</ata, Gillm.). Rebel notes (Lev. Fn. Balk., 

 ii., p. 187) a $ with a streak-like arrangement of spots on the under- 

 side of the forewings from Trebevic. The most magnificent and 

 extreme specimen in this direction, however, is in the British Museum 

 coll. ; it is a $ (without locality) in which the first five normal spots 

 of the forewings are actually developed into long, thick, black streaks, 

 extending about halfway on either side of the normal position of the 

 spot, the twin-spots 6-7 being almost normal ; on the hindwing spots 

 1-6 are similarly developed, the twin-spots 7 and 8 less 

 markedly lengthened, but 9 (often supernumerary) lengthened for 

 some distance along the inner margin ; the discoidal spots on all 



