CYANIRIS SEMIARGUS. 275 



narrow-margined form, that appears to be locally common in certain 

 parts of northern Greece, and various parts of Macedonia, Turkey, etc., 

 is almost identically floured, though from different sources, by Freyer, 

 Her rich- Schaffer and Gerhard. The originals of Freyer's figures, g 

 82mm., $ 33mm., were taken in " Turkey, by Weissenborn," those of 

 Herrich-Schaffer's, $ 32mm., 2 31mm., were received from Keferstein, 

 who "captured them in the Balkans and near Constantinople, in May," 

 whilst those of Gerhard's, J 29mm., $ 31mm., were sent by Frivaldsky 

 from " Turkey." The specimens in the British Museum coll., sent out by 

 Staudinger as parnassia, vary from $ s 28mm. -32mm., and $ s 29mm.- 

 33mm., practically the same size as those figured by these authors, which 

 makes the last part of Staudinger's remark {Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., iv., p. 

 55) that "parnassia only differs from bellis in size," the latter only being 

 known to him " in very large specimens," very inexplicable, and 

 suggests that, instead of studying the figures and descriptions of bellis 

 (as given by Freyer, Herrich- Schaffer, and Gerhard), he was satisfied 

 with accepting specimens of a larger race as bellis, and possibly explains 

 the further statement (Stett. Ent. Ztg., 1862, 265) that he makes, 

 when describing var. helena, where he notes that " specimens of bellis" 

 before him, " which came from the Tokat Alps, were almost twice the 

 size of those of helena."* A. mere glance at Freyer's figures 

 and description should have told Staudinger that Freyer was not 

 describing the Asia Minor forms, which are entirely different 

 in their appearance from the bellis of Turkey and Greece, 

 whilst still more different are the Persian examples, which (Cat., 3rd 

 ed., p. 14) Staudinger also includes under bellis when he states that it 

 inhabits " Pontus, Hyrcania, and (?) Asia Minor," i.e., he has mis- 

 taken, almost from the commencement of his study of the species, our' 

 persiea for bellis, although the two races bear no real resemblance to each 

 other. Staudinger's failure to properly appreciate Freyer's description 

 and figure has misled all authors who follow his Catalog in applying 

 bellis to the Persian race. The true bellis, then, is the race in which 

 the S on the upperside is blue, with a very narrow marginal border, 

 with scarcely a trace of the discoidal lunules of the forewing, whilst 

 the underside is typical both in colour and spotting, except for the 

 tendency shown to develop a series of orange lunules on the margin 

 of the hindwing ; the 2 is dark fuscous on the upperside, with 

 distinct orange marginal lunules, more or less faintly reproduced, on the 

 margin of the hindwing, whilst the underside, as in the $ , is of 

 typical colour and spotting, with, however, the orange marginal 

 lunules of the hindwings frequently faintly developed as in that sex. 



8. var. intermedia, n. var. Bellis, Staud., " Stett. Ent. Ztg.," p. 265 (1862); 

 Rom., "Mem ," i., p. 53 (1884); Holtz, "111. Woch. fiir Ent.," p. 47 (1897); Nich , 

 "Ent. Rec," xiii., p. 209 (1901); Elwes and Nich., "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," 

 p. 94 (1901) ; Fountne., " Ent.," xxxvii., pp. 79, 158 (1904). Antiochena, 

 Staud., " Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.," vi., p. 55 (1870). ? Helena, Nich., " Ent. Rec," 

 xiii., pp. 172, 207 (1901). — <? 25mm.-36mm., 9 28mm.-37mm. This form occurs 

 in Asia Minor, North Syria, Transcaucasia and Hyrcania, "where it trenches 

 on the ground occupied by persiea. It varies much in size, but averages much 



® The helena in the British Museum coll. range — c? s 28mm.-31mm., ? s 28mm.- 

 30mm. The Asia Minor and North Syrian examples, which certainly are not bellis, 

 Frr., vary from ^ s 25mm. -36mm., ? s 28mm.-37mm., and are certainly larger, iu 

 the largest examples, than average helena, but still something short of being twice as 

 large. 



