276 BRITISH BUTTKKFLIES. 



larger than bellis, Frr. (pamassia, Staud.), and is little, if any, less than persica. 

 The 6 is of a dark purple-bine colour, the nervures suffused, the discoidal lunules 

 •dark, the hind-marginal border wide. The ? is fuscous, often strongly suffused 

 with blue over almost the whole area of the wing ; the hind-margin with more or 

 less well-developed orange lunules on the hindwing, continued occasionally on the 

 forewing. The underside dark grey ( $ ), brown-grey in the 2; the spots moder- 

 ately large, with no marginal lunules to forewings, but with more or less fairly 

 developed gre}^ marginal lunules on hindwing containing a fulvous filling near the 

 anal angle. Examples in the British Museum coll. come from : Asia Minor — Amasia 

 'Tokat, Taurus mountains (Lederer) ; N. Syria — Shar Deresy ; Transcaucasia — 

 Borjom ; Hyrcania. 



This race shows a distinct approach to var. persica, and considerable 

 ^difference from the true bellis, Frr., of Greece and Turkey. The 

 specimens are larger than the latter, the $ s much more suffused (in 

 this respect approaching persica) on the upperside ; the undersides 

 much darker grey and more strongly spotted than in any Greek 

 'examples of bellis, Frr. (pamassia, Staud.), but much less so than in 

 var. persica. As in true bellis, there is no spotting on the margins of 

 the undersides of the forewings, whilst the margins of the hindwings 

 present only a series of faint grey lunules, enclosing two or three faint 

 fulvous crescents near the anal angle. The females are very different 

 on the upperside, for, whilst that of the true bellis is entirely fuscous 

 (except for the orange lunules near the anal angle of hindwings), that 

 of intermedia is as strongly tinged with blue as is that of persica, whilst 

 it is much more generously supplied with orange in the more richly- 

 marked specimens, three orange spots on the hindwings and frequently 

 one on the forewings being present. Staudinger, in 1862, writing of 

 this insect under the name of bellis, Frr., says (Stett. Ent. Ztg., p. 265) 

 that " the examples" before him "from the Tokat Alps are almost 

 twice the size of Helena (from Greece), the orange on the underside 

 appearing in short widely-separated spots, which never create the 

 impression of being band-like as in helena." We have already 

 criticised (antea, p. 275) this statement concerning the comparative 

 size, helena averaging 28mm. -31mm., the largest intermedia, 36mm. $ , 

 and 37mm. $ . There are in the British Museum coll. two $ s and 

 two $s without locality, but labelled " Zeller's coll., ' intermediate 

 between bellis and antiochena (Lederer),' " which are, no doubt, some 

 of the very examples referred to by Staudinger (Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vi., 

 p. 55) as caught by Lederer in 1869 in the Taurus mountains. They 

 •are very definitely var. intermedia, the $ s w T ith fairly good 

 marginal borders, the $ s well-scaled with blue, and one can 

 readily understand Staudinger's remarks when he was wrongly 

 considering them as antiochena. In his Cat., 2nd ed., p. 14, Staudinger 

 doubtfully includes the Asia Minor specimens with the Persian form, 

 under the name of bellis, and does so without doubt in his Cat., 3rd 

 ed., p. 89. The Borjom examples in the British Museum coll. show 

 that the Transcaucasian specimens are of this type ; indeed, Romanoff 

 states (Mem., i., p. 53) that " the Caucasian examples differ somewhat 

 from the type, sometimes presenting intermediates between the type and 

 var. bellis, Staud. nee Frr." ( = var. persica). Holtz records (111. Woch. 

 fur Ent., 1897, p. 47) this form from Cilicia, occurring first rather- 

 abundantly in May, on the tablelands near Tschekor Koslii ; later in 

 June, near Gbzna, at 1000m., where they were sitting commonly with 

 other Lycsenids at puddles in the road. He adds that "only the 

 -beautiful local form, distinguished by the red marginal lunules on the 



