CYANIRIS SEMIARGUS. 287 



derived from the circumstantial account given by Assmuss* (Stett. 

 Ent. Ztg., xxiv., p. 393), but is evidently entirely wrong.] If late 

 pupa3 are found, the imagines emerge the same year and lay eggs. 

 Hybernation appears always to take place in the third larval instar. 



Ontogeny of the larva. — First instar (newly-hatched) : Very 

 small, only -03in. long, but stout in proportion. [It is almost exactly 

 similar in all respects to that of Lycaena ariun, but the hairs of Cyaniris 

 semiargus are longer and the general colour of the body is of a greener 

 type.] It has a shallow dorsal longitudinal furrow on the prothorax, 

 which is the widest segment where also is a large dorsal disc and a smaller 

 one on the anal segment ; both are somewhat glazed and grey in colour. 

 The body is pale greenish-blue-grey with citrine-yellow shadows; along 

 the dorsal surface are longitudinal rows of very long, and also short, 

 glassy-white, finely-serrated, hairs, placed in pairs on each segment, 

 bordering the furrow, the first one very long the second short ; both 

 curve backwards, and have dark olive-brown pedestal bases ; below 

 are two very small hairs projecting laterally ; the spiracles are large and 

 dusky. On each segment are three subspiracular hairs, which are 

 long and project laterally also ; the central one is very long. Below, 

 on the lateral lobe, are two other similar but shorter hairs, and others 

 on the claspers ; they all have dark bulbous bases. The head is 

 shining brownish-black. The entire surface is sprinkled with blackish 

 points. The legs and claspers are of the same colour as the body. 

 Second instar: After the first moult it is a good deal similar to the 

 previous stage, but has additional hairs and three subdorsal spiracular- 

 like discs on either side of each segment, and one sublateral; the 

 surface is covered with raised greyish points. On the first segment 

 is a dorsal shield-like disc, slightly sunken, and of a dull olive-colour,, 

 beset w T ith little circular discs varying in size. The colour of the larva is 

 pale ochreous, with faint longitudinal mediodorsal and lateral lines and 

 oblique side-stripes of a slightly darker ochreous. Later, but before 

 the second moult, it is 1 in. long. The colouring is paler and mark- 

 ings more indistinct. In some specimens the colour is almost 

 uniformly of a pale ochreous-yellow. Third instar: At the hyber- 

 nation stage, it is T %in. long, the segmental divisions are deeply cut, 

 the body is thickly studded with white serrated hairs, each with an 

 ochreous- brown tubular base, and black spiracular-like discs. On 

 the 7th abdominal segment is a dorsal transverse gland, very 

 similar to that of Lycaena anon; at the edge of the gland 

 are a few minute white hairs with branching tips. [A tiny bead 

 of liquid was noticed exuding from it.] The dorsal disc on the 

 prothorax is fan-shaped, with a glazed surface beset with minute 

 discs, as in previous stage, but it has, in addition, three hairs. The 



* One wonders what species Assmuss did get. His note reads: "Lycaena 

 acis. I met with the larva of this insect in the Government of Pskow, near 

 Toropetz. and on the border of the Poretschje district, Government of Smolensk, in 

 August, 1860, nearly full-grown. It is finely haired, of a dirty yellowish-green 

 colour, with darker dorsal and lateral lines. Head and legs dark brown, and also 

 the spiracles, the form of the larva is woodlouse-like, as a matter of course. It 

 lives on Anthyllis vulneraria . In September it changes into a pupa, oval, pale 

 olive-green, becoming olive-brown after a time, hybcrnates, and does not produce 

 the butterfly till the middle of May. The pupa hangs fixed at the anal end to the 

 stem of its foodplant. A girth round the body is also present." 



