CYANIRIS SEMIAEGUS. 295 



same tint rather nearer spiracle than half-way from dorsum. The 

 wings are very transparent, the glazed eye definitely darker (May 18th, 

 1908). A second pupa was somewhat larger than this. There is a 

 difference between the two empty pupal skins, viz., that the one 

 described above shows various dark markings, that were not noted in 

 the living pupa, and from which the second is now quite free. [The 

 above description was made, however, and the pupae left possibly, 

 before they were really mature, so that the dark marks probably 

 arose later ; both pupae afforded well-developed butterflies, so that the 

 marks are probably not pathological. The examination of more pupae 

 is desirable to clear up this variation.] The second pupa is uniformly 

 tinted, very pale brownish-ochreous, and is very smooth, the wings 

 polished, and no trace of hairs, with a hand lens. The markings on the 

 other pupa are blackish-brown and consist of a spot on the dorsal head- 

 piece, a line along the front border of the prothorax, a few dots on meso- 

 thoracic dorsum, a heavy line across wing-spine, a series of spots and 

 dots across end of wings, a few dots on abdomen, some spots on 

 appendages, especially a patch towards the end of the antennae, all these 

 nearly, if not quite symmetrical on the two sides. The cremaster is 

 very weak, from the small number of hooks, which are, however, 

 fairly well-developed ; there are eight or nine hooks on the dorsal 

 patch, and six on one side, and seven on the other of the divided 

 ventral patch (all on 10th abdominal ?); the hooks are of the usual 

 anchor shape, are very short and thick, and the head heavy and round, 

 with the two oblique points very sharp and somewhat curved, each 

 hook about 0-06mm. long. The pupal skin is thin and delicate, and 

 covered by a network of very slender, raised lines, which, except on the 

 appendages, have the minute rosettes very sparsely scattered on their 

 intersections ; the rosettes are like small round buttons, with a central 

 point. There are a good many hairs, short, 0-05mm. to O'lOmm. long, 

 rather thick and coarsely spiculated on the prothorax, seven to ten on 

 each side, more towards the outer angles, where lenticles are abundant; 

 there are six on one side of the mesothorax, one on the metathorax ; two 

 to four on the dorsa of the abdominal segments, and one or two (or even 

 three) close to nearly each spiracle, where also lenticles are plentiful. 

 A lenticle is visible on each leg at (approximately) the tibio-tarsal 

 joint. The cover of the prothoracic spiracle (about 0-1 mm. long) has 

 the usual compound fungus-hair structure. The first leg is very short 

 and broad (basally) 0-3mm. broad, 0'7mm. long; the second, 0-llmm. 

 by 0-9mm. There is but a shallow pocket for the end of the 

 maxillae, in the 4-5 incision, noticed in the pupae of Plebeius argus and 

 other Lycaenids (Chapman). Averages T %ins. in length. Dorsal 

 view: The head is obtuse; from the base to middle of wing the outline 

 is straight, then swelling to the 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments ; the 

 abdomen attenuated to the rounded anal segment. Lateral view : The 

 head rounded, with slight swellings at base of antennae; thorax 

 convex ; division between 1st and 2nd segments forming an obtuse 

 angle ; abdomen slightly swollen, and curving to rounded anal 

 segment ; the ventral surface forms almost a straight line (in which 

 respect it mainly differs from the pupa of Lycaena avion). The 

 cremastral hooks number in all 21, and are placed in two distinct 

 patches of 12 each. The entire surface (like that of L. arion) is 

 covered with very fine brown reticulations, and, excepting the wing, is 



