296 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



sprinkled also with minute circular discs ; these are especially 

 numerous on the head and prothorax ; also sprinkled over the surface 

 are finely serrated whitish bristles. On each side of the prothorax, is 

 a small patch of bristles with their ends finely ciliated. The dorsal 

 gland of the larva is modified into a slight suture, marked in the 

 centre by a brown spot (Frohawk). 



Time of appearance. — This species, now practically extinct in the 

 British Islands, was evidently formerly double-brooded with us. The 

 earliest recorded capture of the species was the taking of examples the 

 last week of August, 1793 (Lewin); by 1803, Haworth had evidence of 

 its occurrence in mid-May and again at the end of July. These times are 

 repeated by Samouelle, who gives the "middle of May " and the " end of 

 July." Stephens and Curtis give "end of May and July," yet Bree (Mag. 

 Nat. Hist., vi., p. 190) gives June 28th, 1804, and July 15th, 1812, as 

 dates on which he took single worn and faded $ s. In North France, the 

 species is distinctly double-brooded, the species having been several 

 times bred in Cambrai, the first brood from hybernated larva? in late 

 May and early June, the second brood at the end of Jury and early 

 August (the pupal stage lasting about seventeen days), in 1886, emerging 

 from July 2lth, coming from chrysalids that had pupated from July 7th. 

 We have no doubt that this is so throughout France, for, at Gresy- 

 sur-Aix, the second brood appears to emerge just about this . time 

 (July 25th-26th, 1896, July 2Kth, 1898, but August 18th-20th, in 

 1900, which might have been a late second, or a partial third, brood) ; 

 whilst still further south, at Digne, the species is out in May and early 

 June, and again in July-August (Tutt); the following are also recorded 

 — May and July in Calvados (Fauvel); May and August in Eure 

 (Dupont); May- June, and July- August, in Haute-Marne (Frionnet) ; 

 May 15th- June 15th, in Indre, July 25th, in Cantal, and August 

 10th, in Puy-de-D6me (Sand) ; May and July, in the Bouches-du- 

 Rhone (Siepi); in May, in the Alpes-Maritimes (Milliere); and in July, 

 at Nice (Lang), etc. It is also recorded as appearing in May in Corsica 

 (Mann). In Belgium it is reported to occur at the end of May into early 

 June, and again in July- August (Lam billion). In the Netherlands, it 

 is reported for May, and again in July (Snellen). In Germany the 

 evidence goes to show that the species is double-brooded, or partially 

 double-brooded in the lowlving parts; although possibly the number of 

 double-brooded examples is much fewer in the north than in the south. 

 It is recorded as occurring from mid-June (12th) to August (1st), in 

 East and West Prussia (Schmidt); in May- June, in Silesia (Ddring); 

 and July, near Grafenberg (Neustlidt); in May, and again in July- 

 August, on the Gorlitz Heath (Marscbner); everywhere in two broods, 

 in the Sprottau district (Pfitzner), but from May to July, in the 

 mountains of Upper Lusatia (Sommer); occasionally at end of May, 

 but chiefly in June and July, and still out at the beginning of August, 

 in Waldeck (Speyer); in May, and again at the end of July and in 

 August, in the Rhine Provinces (Hothke, Weymer), and in Branden- 

 burg (Niirnberg), May 31st, 1905, at Niederneundorf (Dadd) ; from 

 May to September at llanau, in Hesse (Limpert and Kottelberg), in 

 May and June (Koch), and June to September (Dickore), at Frankfort- 

 on-Maio ; June, in the Taunus mountains (Kbssler), but fresh 

 specimens were captured May 18th, and July 29th, 1881, at Bornich, in 

 the Taunus, evidently representing two broods (Fuchs); also early August 



