298 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



of June, near Barcelona (Witty), suggest distinctly two broods. The 

 various records in Austria also suggest double-broodedness, e.g., May- 

 June and July- August, in Upper Austria (Himsl); May-June (Fritsch), 

 and July (Rossi), in Lower Austria ; June, and again in August, in the 

 plains about Salzburg (Richter); in May, and July- August, in Bohemia 

 (Nickerl); early May and July, in Moravia (Schneider); as early as May 

 2sth, at Bregenz, and June 8th, at Innsbruck (Fritsch), but single-brooded 

 in July- August, in the Tyrolean Alps (Tutt); in May- June, and July- 

 August, in the lowlands of Carmthia, but single-brooded in July- 

 August, in the mountains (Hofner); in June, in Carniola, and in the 

 Dobrudscha (Mann), whence a second brood has not been recorded. In 

 Hungary, mid-May and mid- July, abundant (Aigner-Abafi). In Bul- 

 garia, it occurs in May and early June, but at the end of June at Slivno, 

 and in late June in the Rilo mountains (Nicholl). In Bosnia and 

 Hercegovina, in June and July (Nicholl), but the specimens were largely 

 captured in the mountains, where the species may be only single- 

 brooded. In Roumania, it occurs in May (27th) -June, and then singly 

 only in August (Caradja). In Turkey and Greece the first brood is 

 very early, April 20th-May 26th, on Mount Parnassus (Staudinger), 

 nearly over on May 2nd 1879, near Gnllipoli (Mathew), also in 

 May, 1900, round Kalavryta (Fountaine); so few collectors, however, 

 work here, that a second brood has not been recorded. In Syria, the 

 species was fully out near Ain Zahalta in April, 1901 (Fountaine); 

 whilst, in 1905, it appeared from June lst-4th, above the same place 

 at an elevation of 6500ft (Graves). In Asia Minor, it occurred 

 between April 17th and May 20th, at Broussa, also in July, at Tokat, 

 distinctly suggesting two broods (b'ountaine) ; in Cilicia, it occurred 

 in early May, near Tschekor Koslu, but not before June at Gozna, at a 

 height of 1000m. (Holtz). In the north of Europe the species appears 

 to be. single-brooded, e.g., it occurs from June to August in Scandinavia 

 (Wallengren), and appears almost through the summer in Finland, but 

 more especially in July (Federley) ; in the Baltic Provinces it is also 

 apparently single-brooded from June (8th) into July (Nolcken); in the 

 Wiatka Government in June and July (Kroulikowsky), whilst in 

 the provinces Casan and Orenburg, May, June, and July are 

 recorded (Eversmann). Collecting throughout the greater part of 

 Asia has been of the most desultory character, but we notice — 

 throughout June in Persia (Christoph) ; in May in the Upper 

 Irtish valley (Lederer) ; May and June in the Pamir, and June 

 in the Thian-Shan (Grum-Grshimailo) ; end of July in the Altai 

 (Elwes) ; June, in the Ala Tau, near Lepsa (Haberhauer) ; 

 June, in the Lower Ussuri (Bremer) ; June, in the Kounguesse 

 mountains, at 7000ft. (Alphcraky). The following dates will enable 

 students to understand the great differences m the times of appearance 

 of this species in different parts of its range, and at different altitudes — 

 -I une 30th, 1846, on Mount Etna (Zeller); June 28th, 1855, at Borbi 

 (Schrenk); June 22nd, August 1st, 1861, worn, in Sylt Island 

 (Werneburg); July 1th, 1865, in the Usthal, between Usingen and 

 Ziegenberg (Fuchs); April 20th-May 26th, 1869, on Mount Parnassus 

 (Staudinger); June 7th, 1870, at Hadscyabad (Christoph); June 28th- 

 Julv 3rd, 1H72, at Lucca (Walker); August 15th, 1872, on the Furka 

 Pass (Lang); June 24th, 1878, at Shahkuh (Christoph); June 28th- 

 July 5th, 1878, on the Riffelberg (Jordan); July 8th, 1878, in the Val 



