810 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



among these hills, numberless fresh-water springs rise on the hillsides, 

 or in the hollows between the hills, collecting in the hollows as large 

 pools, in which, in the course of ages, vast deposits of peat have been 

 formed, choking the pools, and forming wide stretches of quaggy bog 

 covered with cotton-grass, rushes, reeds, sedges, and coarse grass, with 

 a large quantity of aquatic plants, with here and there higher-lying 

 ridges covered with a great wealth of sweet-smelling orchids, lythrum, 

 vicias, large-flowered centaureas, Anthyllis, etc. The outskirts of these 

 stretches of bog, carry a grand butterfly fauna, and here Cyaniris semi- 

 argus sports with Lycaena alcon, L. areas, Polyommatus icarus, Loiveia 

 dorilis, and a host of other interesting species, whilst the lower part of 

 the bog is the chosen home of Coenonympha tiphon. In Scandinavia 

 it is reported from the railway banks between Disenaen aud Saeterstoen, 

 but also at Bolkesjo, about 1700ft. above sea-level (Standen). It is 

 said to occur in meadows in the Baltic Provinces, in the Riga district 

 (Teich), but in bushy places on the banks of streams, and in openings 

 in woods in the Government of Moscow (Assmuss), whilst it is reported 

 as being everywhere common in fields and grassy places, in the 

 provinces of Casan and Orenburg, indeed, the most common of all the 

 Lycaenids in this district (Eversmann). In Belgium, it occurs in 

 natural meadows, on high grassy plateaux, etc. (Lambillion). In 

 France, it is widely and generally distributed from the sea-level 

 to the alpine region of the highest mountains. In the Dept. 

 Nord, it is reported, as we have already noted, as being common 

 in marshy meadows, in the neighbourhood of Cambrai, where tufts of 

 Trifolium pratensis grow freely (Brabant). In the lowlands of Haute- 

 Savoie it occurs at the foot of the Grand Saleve, on rough, wild slopes, on 

 the outside of the wood, covered with flowers, a most delightful butterfly 

 corner, already described in these volumes. Its haunts in the mountain 

 districts near Chamonix, on the Brevent, near Lavancher, etc., are 

 chiefly on wild flower-covered slopes on the outskirts of the larch 

 woods, very similar, indeed, to its Swiss habitats in similar localities. 

 We found it at the end of July, 1906, on the dry flowery slopes at 

 Clelles, at scabious and lavender flowers, with Polyommatus meleager, 

 P. hylas, P. icarus, Arid a astrarche ; a few days later we observed 

 it in the little valley that opens into the Eaux-Chaudes stream near 

 Digne, with Ayriades coridon, Plebeius aryyroynomon, Polyommatus 

 hylas, P. icarus, etc. ; then again on the steep slopes between Alios 

 and Colmars, with an abundance of Erebia neoridas, Anthrocera fausta, 

 A. camiolica, Loiveia gordius, etc. ; yet again it occurred high up the 

 Val d' Alios, on a stretch of ground somewhat heath-like and moorland 

 in character, where it lived with Polyommatus eros, Hirsutina dam on, 

 Ayriades coridon, Plebeius aryyroynomon, Aricia astrarche, Cupido sebrus, 

 etc., and then on the mountain pastures above the Lac d'Allos itself. 

 In the Juras, Gibbs found it in an old grass-grown pit outside the 

 forest of Charmes, with E ceres argiades, as well as in the meadows 

 behind the town. In Italy it is recorded from the hills near Brianza, 

 and the woods near Alzate in Lombardy (Turati); almost everywhere 

 in meadows, fields, moist open places in woods, as well as in the 

 plains as in the hills and mountains (Stefanelli); in the mountains of 

 Piedmont the localities are much the same as in those of Switzerland, 

 e.g.,'m the Val Veni,at the foot of the imposing Aiguille Noire de Peteret, 

 where the Alice Blanche opens out to the foot of the moraine of the 

 Glacier de Miage, the lovely Dora, has laid out a level flat of loess, 



