342 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



fringes of the hindwings being else particularly free from dark marks. 

 Gillmer describes and figures (Ent. Zeits. Guben, xix., p. 151, pi. xvi., 

 fig. 2) a^, captured August 3rd, 1894, near Bozen, by Stange, with 

 quite white fringes, as albofimbriata. We note the $ s in the Brit. Mus. 

 coll. from Borjom, in Transcaucasia, and Urumiah in north-west 

 Persia, as having well-chequered fringes on forewings, almost entirely 

 white on hindwings, the $ s from Shar Deresy in north Syria, with 

 very white, weakly-chequered, fringes on forewings, the dark marks 

 on hindwings very faintly indicated ; two $ s from Mount Olympus, 

 and one from the Rilo Dagh, also show very faintly-chequered fringes 

 on the hindwings. 



7). ab. puncta, Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 170 (1896); Wheeler, " Butts. Switz.," 

 p. 33.(1903); Gillm., " Soc. Ent.," xviii., p. 157 (1904); Grand, "Int. Ent. Zeits. 

 Gub.," ii., p. 87 (1908). Bellargus, Esp., " Schmetfc. Eur.," pi. xxxii. (supp. viii.), 

 fig. 3 (1777); pi. lv. (contd. v.), fig. 2 (1778); Bergstr., " Nomen.," iii., pi. liii., 

 fig. 5 (1779). Geronus 3 , Hb., " Eur. Schmett.," pi. lxi., fig. 295 (1799); Staud., 

 "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 86 (1901); Stefan., "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," xxxii., p. 338 

 (1900); '•' Verity, " Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," xxxvi., pp. 138-9 (1904). Bellargus ab., 

 Lowe, "Ent. Eec," p. 326 (1900). Alfacarensis 3, Ribbe, "Soc. Ent.," xx., 

 p. 138 (1905). Parvipuncta, Aigner-A.bafi, "Ent. Zeits. Guben," xix., p. 209 

 (1906). Punctifera, Trautm., "Int. Ent. Zeits.," ii., p. 162 (1908).— 3 , in 

 which there is a series of small, but very distinct, marginal, black dots between 

 the nervures of the hindwings (Tutt). 



A series of antemarginal black spots on the hindwings is not an unusual 

 development in the $ . They sometimes number six or seven, the two 

 last, near the anal angle, occupying a single interneural space. Those 

 nearest the anal angle also appear usually to be the first developed. 

 In some districts this spotting is comparatively rare, in others quite 

 normal. Thus, in the $ s in our British collection, there are fifteen 

 with them out of eighty specimens, but only six really well-marked ; 

 in our continental collection, 33 out of 124. They appear always 

 to be placed at a little distance from the fine black terminal line, from 

 which they are generally separated by the blue ground colour. 

 Reverdin notes that, in his collection, out of 65 $ s, chiefly Swiss, 33 

 show this spotting weakly, and 11 strongly. Wheeler notes it as a 

 special development in the specimens in the warm parts of Switzerland 

 —June 4th, 1902, at Branson, May 13th, 1903, at Sion, Follaterre, 

 etc. — whilst Lowe reports it from Orta, in Piedmont, where he says the 

 $ s of the spring brood usually show well-marked black dots on the 

 upperside of the hindwings, a feature apparently not so common in 

 those of the Rhone valley. Knecht also records the form as frequent 

 in May-June, 1894, in the Chiasso district. Blachier observes {in 

 lift.) that, in the neighbourhood of Geneva, the $ s are often of the 

 form puncta, the spots sometimes small, sometimes large, and may be 

 as many as seven in number. Zeller notes that, at Bergiin, the $ s are 

 somewhat smaller than is usual in Germany, but specimens having the 

 antemarginal row of black spots on the hindwings, are as frequent as 

 those without them. He also notes the 3 s taken in June at Flitsch 

 and Preth to be about equally divided between puncta and the type. 

 Verity observes (Bull. Ent. Soc. Ital., xxxvi., p. 139) that, at Lucca, 

 $ s with the series of marginal black spots on the hindwings are 

 very common. We have well-developed examples from Saas-Fee, 

 Bourg-St. -Maurice, Gresy-sur-Aix, etc., but the proportion in localities 

 in the south of France — Digne, Draguignan, etc. — appears to be very 

 small ; Seebold, however, notes the form as common at Bilbao. Grund 



