326 Geological Society. 



and Wootton "in South Warwickshire. At Knowle, eleven miles 

 S.E. of Birmingham, the Lower Lias is represented by limestone and 

 shales containing Ammonites planorbis, Saurian remains, Ostrea, 

 Modiola, &c. ; below these beds with Ammonites planorbis, dark 

 shales were seen resting on the New Red Marl ; amongst the shales 

 occurs a micaceous sandstone with Pullastra arenicola, which else- 

 where prevails low down in the series, in close connexion with the 

 bone-bed. The greater outlier at Wootton Park, near Henley, ex- 

 hibited more clearly the succession of the deposits, from the beds 

 with Pecten Valoniensis up to the limestone with Lima gigantea, &c. 



2. " On the History of the last Geological Changes in Scotland." 

 ByT. F. Jamieson, Esq., F.G.S. 



The history of the last geological changes in Scotland, as given 

 in this paper, was divided into three periods, namely, the Preglacial, 

 the Glacial, and the Postglacial. 



The absence of the later Tertiary strata from Scotland leaves the 

 history of the Preglaeial period very obscure ; but the author con- 

 sidered it in some degree represented by some thick masses of sand 

 and gravel (apparently equivalent to the Red Crag of England) on 

 the coast of Aberdeenshire ; and he stated that there were indica- 

 tions of the Mammoth having inhabited Scotland during this 

 period. 



The Glacial period was divided into three successive portions, 

 namely, (i) the Period of Land-ice, during which the rocky surface 

 was worn, scratched, and striated, and the boulder-earth, or glacier- 

 mud, was formed ; (2) the Period of Depression, in which the 

 glacier-marine beds were formed ; and (3) the Period of the Emer- 

 gence of the land to which belong the valley-gravels and moraines, 

 and during which the final retreat of the glaciers took place. 



To the Postglacial period Mr. Jamieson referred that of the 

 formation of the submarine forest-beds, which he considered was 

 succeeded by a second period of depression, and this again by the 

 elevation of the land to its present position. It is in the old 

 estuary beds and beaches formed during the Second Period of De- 

 pression that the author finds the first traces of Man in Scotland, 

 while the Shell-mounds with chipped flints he referred to the same 

 epoch as the blown sand and beds of peat, namely to the most 

 recent period, during which the land was raised to its present level. 



Mr. Jamieson described in great detail the deposits representing 

 each of these periods, and concluded his paper with lists of shells 

 from the different beds, showing the percentage of the species that 

 are now found in the British, Southern, Arctic, N.E. American, and 

 North Pacific regions. 



