400 Geological Society : — 



diate between that of the other two. He therefore considers that 

 this can no longer be regarded as one of fossils occurring in the 

 true Boulder-clay. 



February 8, 1865. — W. J. Hamilton, Esq., President, in the Chair. 

 The following communications were read : — 



1. " On the Sources of the Mammalian fossils of the Red Crag, 

 and on the Discovery of a new Mammal in that Deposit allied to the 

 Walrus." By E. Ray Lankester, Esq. 



The Mammalian fossils of the Red Crag were stated to belong to 

 three groups : — (1) the teeth of Coryphodon, &c, derived from 

 Lower Eocene strata ; (2) the other terrestrial Mammalia ; and 

 (3) the Cetaceans. The Molluscan fauna of the Red Crag was 

 cited in proof of its identity in age with the Upper or Yellow Crag 

 of Antwerp, which contained none of the Red Crag Mammals. The 

 underlying Middle and Black Sands of Antwerp contain far larger 

 percentages of extinct forms and very abundant Cetacean remains. 

 The deposits at Darmstadt and in the South of France, containing 

 terrestrial Mammalia similar to those of the Red Crag, are also ante- 

 rior to the Yellow Crag of Antwerp. The Red Crag was thus shown 

 to include Mammalian fossils found nowhere else excepting in strata 

 of an earlier age. The probabilities therefore were, that these various 

 Mammalia were not indigenous to the Red Crag, but were derived 

 from the breaking up of earlier strata; and this supposition was 

 supported by lithological evidence, which the author gave in detail, 

 and discussed the chemical and mineralogical questions involved. 

 Further evidence of the extraneous nature of the Mammalian fossils 

 was also adduced, in the fact that teeth of Rhinoceros and Mastodon 

 occurred at the base of the Coralline Crag ; and other less conclusive 

 facts were cited. The great abundance and perfect condition of 

 teeth of Carcharodon and Ziphioid Cetaceans in the Middle Crag of 

 Antwerp, their absence in the Yellow Crag of that locality, and their 

 presence in a much rolled, indurated and fragmentary condition in 

 the Red Crag, often with portions of their previous sandy matrix 

 adhering, was considered as conclusive evidence with regard to the 

 Cetacean remains. 



Mr. Lankester then described the tusks of an animal allied to the 

 Walrus, but probably much larger, which he proposed to call Tri- 

 chechodon Huxleyi. The minute details of form and structure were 

 entered into, and the author stated that the teeth called Balcenodon 

 by Professor Owen belonged really to two genera, Zihpius and 

 Squalodon, as shown by the remains from the Middle Antwerp beds. 



2. " Note on the Geology of Harrogate." By Professor John 

 Phillips, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S. 



The cuttings on the North-eastern Railway, combined with sec- 

 tions exposed in several quarries, have enabled the author to trace 

 the range of the Millstone-grit, Calcareous roadstone, and Yoredale 

 Shales near Harrogate ; and have also thrown some light on the 

 relation of the Permian to the more ancient rocks. Prof. Phillips 

 was also enabled to refer the mineral springs, with greater con- 

 fidence than heretofore, to a deep source along an axis of movement ; 



