156 Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 



relation to the alluvium and the sand-banks of the district. Mr. 

 Poole then endeavoured to prove that the area under consideration 

 had been subject to considerable changes of level in comparatively 

 recent geological times, and that Man existed in the district prior, 

 and some of the extinct Mammalia subsequently, to the last of such 

 changes, asserting, in support of the last conclusion, that the re- 

 mains of Elcphas primigenius, Rhinoceros t ichor hinus, &c, had been 

 found in a stratum above that containing the bones of Man and 

 pieces of pottery ; and he concluded by examining the evidence of 

 the extent and date of the last subsidence. 



2. " On the Structure of the Red Crag in Suffolk and Essex." 

 By Searles V. Wood, Jun., Esq. 



By reference to a tabulated description of about fifty sections 

 taken from various parts of theRed=crag area, the author showed that 

 the deposit is structurally divisible into five stages, of which the 

 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th (counting upwards) were not deposited 

 under water ; but from their being regularly laminated, at angles 

 varying between 25° and 35°, and possessing (with the exception of 

 the 2nd) an unvarying direction in every stage, he regards them as 

 the result of a process of " beaching up," by which was formed a 

 reef extending from the river Aide on the north, to the southern 

 extremity of the deposit in Essex. Of these four stages, the 4th 

 is the most constant and important, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd being 

 frequently either concealed by, or destroyed during the formation of, 

 the succeeding stages. At Walton- on- the-Naze alone do any of the 

 four lower stages contain evidence of being a subaqueous deposit ; 

 there the 1st stage is so, but it is covered by two reef stages, and 

 these again by the 5th stage. 



The 5th stage is invariably horizontal, and contains evidence of 

 having been formed under water. This stage is developed in such a 

 way as to show that it was formed in channels eroded in the older 

 reef, and it is at its base that the coprolite workings occur. This 

 stage also passes up at Chillesford into the sands and gravels 

 termed by the author the Lower Drift, which underlie the boulder 

 clay ; at other places a line of erosion exists between the 5th stage 

 and the drift- sands. 



XXVIII. Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 



SOME REMARKS ON THE TELESCOPIC APPEARANCE OF THE EX- 

 TERIOR ENVELOPE OF THE SUN, AND OF ITS SPOTS. BY THE 

 REV. W. R. DAWES. 



F F^HE recent increase in the number of powerful telescopes armed 

 J. with the means of observing the sun without danger to the 

 eye or to the dark glasses, has caused a corresponding increase in 

 the number of observers of solar phenomena. These, when care- 

 fully scrutinized with large apertures and high powers under suit- 



