2 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



vomer and palatines. Anterior portion of the dorsal fin spinous: ventrals 

 thoracic 1/5 or sometimes 1/4. Scales ctenoid or cycloid. Lateral line when 

 present continuous (except in some species of Ambassis). Air-vessel usually 

 present and more or less simple. Pyloric appendages in varying numbers. 



Genus I. — Perca, Artedi. 



Branchiostegals seven : pseudobranchiai present. Body oblong and somewhat 

 compressed. Preopercle serrated, with denticulations on its lotoer limb directed 

 forwards. Opercle spinate. Teeth villiform in jaws, on vomer and palatine bones : 

 tongue smooth. Tvjo dorsal fins separated at their bases, the first with 13 or 14 

 spines : the anal with 2 spines. Scales rather small, ctenoid, not extended on to 

 the upper surface of the head. Pyloric appendages few. 



Cuvier selected the Perch as an appropriate type for the first Genus into 

 which he subdivided the Percoides. 



Geographical distribution. — Fresh waters of both the Arctic regions, rarely 

 descending to salt water. . 



1. Perca flaviatilis, Plate I. 



HspKrj, Aristotle, Hist. Anim. lib. vi, c. 14 ; iElian, xiv. c. 23, 26. 



Perca, Pliny, xxxii, c. 9, 10 ; Ausonius, a.d. 400, v, 115 ; Jonston, De Pise. 

 1649, lib. iii, tit. iii, c. i, p. 156, t. xxiv, f. 3. Une Perche de riviere, Belonius, 

 1553, p. 291. Perca major, Schonevelde, 1624, p. 55 ; Artedi, Genera Piscium, 1738, 

 Gen. 39, Syn. 66, species, 74. Perca fiuviatilis major, Aldrovandus, 1638, v, cap. 53, 

 p. 622. 



Perca fiuviatilis, Rondeletius, 1554, ii, pp. 196, 197; Salviani, 1554, f. 2446, 

 226 ; Gesner, 1558, p. 698, f . 1685, and Edit. 1598, fol. 168 and 172, c. fig ; 

 Willughby, De Historia Piscium, 1686, iv, c. 14, p. 291, t. S, 13. f. 1; Ray, 

 Synopsis Methodica Avium et Piscium, 1713, Pise. p. 97, No. 23 ; Gronovius, 

 Zoophyl. 1763, p. 91, No. 301 and Mus. i, No. 36 ; Linnaeus, Syst. Natures, Ed. 

 12, 1766, p. 481 ; Rutty, Natural History of the County of Dublin, 1772, i, p. 368; 

 Pennant, British Zoology (Edition 1), 1776, iii, p. 254, pi. xlviii, (Edition 2), 

 1812, iii, p. 345, pi. lix ; 0. E. Miiller, Zoologiae Danicae Prodomus, 1776, p. 46 ; 

 Linnaeus, Systenia Naturae, Gmelin, 1788, p. 1306 ; Marsigli, iv, t. xxiii, f. 1 ; Bloch, 

 Eische Deutschlands, 1782-84, t. Iii ; Bonnaterre, Encyclopaedia Ichthyologia, 1788, 

 p. 126, pi. liii, f . 204 ; Lacepede, Histoire des Poissons, 1798-1803, iv, p. 399 ; 

 Donovan, Natural History of British Eishes, 1802-8, iii, pi. Iii ; Shaw, General 

 Zoology, 1803, iv, p. 545, pi. lxxix ; Turton, British Fauna, 1807, p. 100 ; Jurine, 

 Poissons du Lac Leman, 1825, p. 1 ; Cuvier and Valenciennes, Histoire Naturelle 

 des Poissons, 1828, ii, p. 20, t. i-viii ; Flemming, History of British Animals, 

 1828, p. 213 ; Nilsson, Ichthyologies Scandinavicae, 1832, p. 81 ; Bonaparte, 

 Icones, Fauna Italica, 1832-41, hi, p. 79, f. 1 ; Fries och Ekstrom, Skandinaviens 

 Fiskar, 1836, pi. i ; Jenyns, Manual of British Vertebrate Animals, 1835, p. 330 ; 

 Tarrell, British Fishes (Ed. 1), 1836, i, p. 1, c. fig. (Ed. 2), 1841, i, p. 1 (Ed. 3), 

 ii, p. 112 ; Cuvier, Regne Animal, Poissons, pi. vi, f . 1 ; Templeton, Magazine of 

 Natural History (Series 2), 1837, i, p. 409; Parnell, Fishes of the Frith of Forth, 

 1838, p. 8 ; Swainson, Natural History of Fish, 1839, ii, p. 198 ; Demidofi', 

 Voyage dans la Russie Meridionale, 1840-42, iii, p. 355 ; White, Catalogue of 

 British Fish, 1851, p. 9 ; Thompson, Natural History of Ireland, 1856, iv, p. 69 ; 

 Giinther, Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum, i, 1859, p. 58 ; Schlegel, 

 De Dieren van Nederland, 1862, p. 32, pi. 3, f . 2 ; Blanchard, Les Poissons des 

 eaux douces de la France, 1866, p. 130, fig. 8 ; Collett, Norges Fiske, 1875, p. 15 • 

 Steindachner, Ak. Wien, SB, lxxviii, Abth. i, 1878, p. 399 ; Houghton, British 

 Fresh-water Fishes, 1879, p. 1, pi. i. 



Perca vulgaris and P. helvetica, Gronovius, Catalogue of Fish by Gray, 1854, 

 pp. 113, 114. 



Perca Italica, Cuv. and Val. ii, p. 45 (variety destitute of bands.) 



Perch, Couch, History of the Fishes of the British Islands, 1862, i, p. 185, pi. 



DS1 



