36 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



jaw. Last two dorsal and anal rays united by being invested in a common scaly 

 sheath, 5 rows of scales across the cheeks. 



4. Pagellus acarne, D. ttiAzi A. T 3 o, L. 1. 70-72. Length of head 3| to 3| in 

 the total. Two rows of rounded molars in both jaws. Last 2 dorsal and anal rays 

 united by being invested in a common membrane. Five rows of scales across the 

 cheeks. 



5. Pagellus erythrinus, D. i-|, A. g?g-, L. 1. 56-60. Length of head 3f to 4 in 

 the total. Two rows of rounded molars in either jaw. Last 2 dorsal and anal 

 rays not scaled. Six rows of scales across the cheeks. 



1. Pagellus centrodontus, Plate XIII. 



Orphus, Rondel, v. c. 25, p. 157, c. fig; Aldrov. ii, c. 2, p. 158. Pagrus, 

 Aldrov. p. 151 ; Willughby, p. 312, t. V. i, f. 5. Lunulated gilt-head, Pennant, 

 Brit, Zool. (Ed. 1), iii, p. 240, pi. xlii, not descr. (Ed. 2), iii, p. 327, pi. xlvi, not 

 description. 



Sparus orphus, Lacep. iv, p. 146. 



Sparus pagrus, Bloch, t. cclxvii ; Lacep, iii, p. 87; Bl. Schn. p. 271; Turton, 

 Brit. Fanna, p. 98. 



Sparus aurata, Donovan, Brit. Fish, iv, pi. lxxxix ; Turton, 1. c. p. 97 ; 

 Duhamel, Peches, ii, Sect. 4, c. 2, p. 30 (not Lin.). 



Sparus centrodontus, De la Roche, Ann. Mus. xiii, p. 345, pi. xxiii, f . 2 ; Jenyns, 

 Manual, p. 356 ; Johnston, Berwick. Nat. Field Club, 1838, i, p. 171. 



Sparus Massiliensis, Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 247. 



Aurata Massiliensis, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 357. 



Pagrus vulgaris, Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 211. 



Pagellus centrodontus, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 180 ; Parnell, Fish. Frith of Forth, 

 p. 46, pi. xxvii ; Tarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1), i, p. 107, c. fig. (Ed. 2) i, p. 123 

 (Ed. 3), ii, p. 149: Val. in Webb and Berth. Hist. Nat. lies. Canar. Poiss. p. 34, 

 pi. vii, fig. 3 ; Guichen. Explor. Sc. Alger. Poiss. p. 50 ; White, Catal. Brit. Fish. 

 p. 18 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 90 ; Schlegel, De Dieren v. Ned. 

 1862, p. 23, pi. ii, f . 4 ; Giinther, Cat. i, p. 476 ; Steind. Ich. Spain and Port. 

 1867, p. 61 ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 18 ; Mcintosh, Fish. St. Andrews, 

 p. 172. 



Pagellus curtus, Couch, Zool. 1843, p. 393, c. fig. and short sea-bream, Fish. 

 Brit. Isles, i, p. 241, pi. lvi (deformed). 



Common sea-bream, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, i, p. 237, pi. Iv. 



B. vi, D. if, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. r \, C. 19, L. 1. 75, L. tr. 7/16, Ccec.pyl. 4, Yert. 



10/14. 



Length of head 3| to 4, of caudal fin 5 to 5-f-, height of body 3 J to 3|- in the 

 total length. Eye — 3| to 3|- diameters in the length of the head, 1 diameter from 

 the end of the snout, and also apart. Interorbital space flattened. Preorbital 

 wider anteriorly than it is posteriorly, its greatest depth being scarcely equal to 

 half its length ; it is unnotched over the posterior end of the maxilla. Opercle 

 about twice as high as wide. Jaws of equal length in front ; the maxilla reaches to 

 beneath the front edge or even anterior third of the eye. Posterior nostril the 

 largest and obliquely oval. Teeth — 3 or 4 irregularly placed rows of rounded 

 teeth of different sizes laterally and posteriorly in either jaw, none on vomer, 

 palatine bones or tongue. Fins — dorsal spines rather strong, the 4th and 5th 

 the longest, from whence they decrease in length ; rays shorter than the spines, 

 the last two somewhat thickened but not scaled, nor adherent together : Donovan 

 observes that in his example there were 13 spines and 11 soft rays in the dorsal 

 fin, the same number being shown by the artist. Pectoral as long as the head. 

 Ventral not extending so far as the vent. Third anal spine somewhat longer than 

 the second. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — finely ctenoid, 7 rows between the 

 eye and the angle of the preopercle. Colours— orange-scarlet becoming lighter 

 beneath. A large black spot on the shoulder intersected by the lateral-line, but 

 which is absent in the young : Couch believed that it does not appear until they 

 are twelve months old. 



