40 ACANTHOPTERYG1I. 



jaw. Fins — dorsal spines rather strong, the third somewhat the longest : rays not 

 so high as the highest spines, the last two enveloped in a common scaled membrane. 

 Pectoral reaches to above the third anal spine. Third anal spine the longest : the 

 last two rays of the fin similar to those of the soft dorsal. Candal forked. Scales 

 — 5 rows between the eye and the angle of the preopercle. Colours — red with 

 golden reflections ; a dark spot in the axilla. 



Habits. — This is likewise one of the forms which visit Britain, of which bnt 

 ittle is known. 



Habitat. — Southern coasts of great Britain to the Canary Islands and also the 

 Mediterranean. 



The British Mnsenm possesses a small specimen in a good state of preservation, 

 from Leach's Collection. It was obtained according to the label from Headslow, 

 Cornwall. The example figured is 13^- inches in length and in the British Museum, 

 it was brought from Lanzarote by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. 



5. Pagellus erythrinus, Plate XVII. 



Frythrinus, Belon. p. 185 ; Rondel, v, c. 16, p. 144, c. fig ; Salv. f . 239 j 

 Aldrov. ii, c. 9, p. 154 ; Gesner, p. 365, and ed. 1598, f. 25, c. fig ; Jonston, lib. i, 

 t. iii, c. i, art. 4, p. 67, t. xviii, f . 6 ; Willugh. c. 10, p. 311, t. V. f . 6 ; Ray p. 132. 

 Sparus, No. 3, Artedi, Genera. 36 Syn. 59. Cyncedus, Gronov. Zooph. p. 61, 

 No. 215. 



Sparus erythrinus Linn. Syst. i, p. 469 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1272 ; Bloch, pi. 

 cclxxiv; Bl. Schn. p. 275 ; Shaw, Nat. Misc. xx, pi. 834 ; Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 240 ; 

 Martens, Reise nach Venedig. ii, p. 425 ; Duhamel, Peches, iv, c. 2. p. 29 ; Couch, 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 1832, p. 17, £ 3 ; Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 355. 



Sparus pagellus, Lacep. iii, p. 86. 



Pagrus erythrinus, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 361. 



Pagellus erythrinus, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 170, pi. cl ; Yarrell, Brit. Pish. (Ed. 1) 

 i, p. 104, c. fig. exc. description and vignette of teeth, (Ed. 2) i, p. 120, (Ed. 3) 

 ii, p. 144 ; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid. p. 388 ; Guichen. Exp. sc. Alger. 

 Poissons, p. 50 ; Parnell, Fish. Frith of Forth, p. 43, pi. xxvii ; White, Catal. Brit. 

 Fish, p. 18 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 90 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 473 ; 

 Steind. Ich. Span. Port. 1867, p. 58. 



Pagellus rostratus, Lowe, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 177. 



Sparus pagrus, or Pecker, Couch, Linn. Trans, xiv, p. 79. 



Pagrus vulgaris, Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1) i, p. 102 (excl. synon. and figure), 

 (Ed. 2)4, p. 116 (Ed. 3), ii, p. 138 ; Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 354; White, Catal. 

 Brit. Fish, p. 17 (excl. synon.) 



Sparus pagrus, Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 354 (part.) 



Pagellus Ganarensis, Val. in Webb and Berth. Hist. Nat. lies Canar. Poiss. 

 p. 35, pi. x, f. 2. 



Pagellus Guntheri, Capello, Journ. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisbon, iii, p. 253, pi. iv, 

 f. 3 (var. -with 3 rows of molars in Cat. Fish. B. Mus. i, p. 474). 



Frythrinus, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles i, p. 233, pi. liii. 



B. vi, D.if,P. 15. V. 1/5. A. s%, C. 17. L. 1. 56-60, L.tr. \-{, Ccec. pylori 4, 



Vert. 10/14. 



Length of head 3f to 4, of caudal fin 4| to 5, height of body 3j to 3|- in the 

 total length. Fye — 3-f to 4|- diameters in the length of the head, from 1-|- to 2 

 diameters from the end of the snout, and the same apart. Interorbital space 

 convex. Profile from shoulder to snout oblique, and the head somewhat compressed. 

 Preorbital high, its height being 2/3 to 3/5 of its length : its lower edge scarcely 

 emarginate. Jaws even in front : the maxilla reaches to almost beneath the front 

 edge of the orbit. Teeth — anteriorly cardiform, with two rows of molars posteriorly 

 in either jaw, but it is by no means rare to find 3 irregular rows of molars in the 

 upper jaw, especially in large examples, but no other discernible differences : none 

 on vomer, palatine bones or tongue. Fins — dorsal spines of moderate strength, the 

 third somewhat longest from whence they decrease : rays shorter than the 



