COTTHLE. 59 



prolongations anteriorly and a muscle along eitlier side. Colours — rosy. Irides 

 golden orange. 



Varieties. — Thompson refers to having obtained one in March, 1838, " D. 8/18, 

 A. 16. The hinder half of this specimen was grayish, like T. hirundo (of which 

 a small one was taken with it), the anterior half, including the head, a mixture of 

 gray and scarlet. It was a female, the ova half the size of small clover seed." 

 Couch records a variety of unusual size, having the back, head, and sides covered 

 thickly with golden spots about the size of a large pea. 



Names. — The specific term given to this species by Bloch was Pini, as he 

 considered the short straight lines crossing the lateral-line bore somewhat of a 

 resemblance to the acicular leaves of the pine. Red or Cuckoo gurnard : elleclc : 

 soldier : pine-leaved gurnard. Penhaiarn coch, Welsh. Le Grondin rouge, and 

 Puouget commun, French. 



Habits. — Keeps near the bottom in moderately deep water. Feeds on small 

 fishes, molluscs and Crustacea. In Belfast it is said to be most abundant early in 

 the spring and late in the autumn. 



Mode of capture. — A voracious species that takes a bait freely, but is mostly 

 captured in the trawl. 



Breeding. — Couch observes that he found them with well-developed ova both 

 in January and also in April and June. Young about 1^ inches in length have 

 been taken in August. 



As food. — Large quantities are consumed in England, but in Scotland it does 

 not appear to be held in any estimation. In France it is taken in quantities for 

 the last four months of the year, and is much esteemed because of its firm flesh 

 and good taste ; it is even preserved in olive-oil. 



Habitat. — Scandinavia and down the west coast of Europe to the Mediter- 

 ranean, and is also recorded from New York and the American shores of the 

 North Atlantic Ocean. 



Common along the English coast, especially on the south and west, at all 

 seasons, and is likewise taken in Scotland : is pretty common in Banffshire 

 (Edward) and occasionally observed in St. Andrew's Bay (Mcintosh) : two were 

 taken in the Orkneys in the winter of 1850-51 (W. Baikie). It has been recorded 

 from Wick, the Moray Frith, and occasionally at Lossiemouth. 



In Ireland it is common from Waterford on the south up the east coast to 

 Londonderry. 



It attains to at least 18 inches in length. 



3. Trigla hirundo, Plate XXIV. 



Corax, Rondel, x, c. 7, p. 396, c. fig. ; Gesner, Aquat. iv, p. 299 ; Aldrov. Pise. 

 ii, c. 57 ; Willughby, Ich. iv, p. 280, t. P. 4. Corvus, Salv. Hist. Aquat. p. 194, 

 f. 71. Hirundo, Aldrov. Pise, ii, c. iii, p. 133; Jonston, lib. i, t. hi, c. 1, art. 2, 

 p. 64, t. xvii, f . 8, 9 ; Ray, p. 88 ; Willugh. p. 280 ; Ray, p. 88. Lucerna Vene- 

 torum, Willugh. iv, p. 281 ; Ray, p. 88 ; Gronov. Zooph. p. 84, No. 284. Sapphi- 

 rine gurnard, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1), hi. p. 280, pi. lvi (Ed. 2), iii, p. 376, 

 pi. lxviii. 



Trigla cuculus, Briinn. Pise. Mass. p. 77 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 105. 



Trigla hirundo, Linn. Syst. i, p. 497 ; Bloch, Ich. p. 518, t. lx ; Bonat. Ich. 

 p. 146, pi. lx, f. 238; Gmel. Linn. p. 1344; Bl. Schn. p. 15; Donovan, Brit. 

 Fish, i, pi. i ; Lacep. iii, p. 353 ; Shaw, Zool. iv, pt. 2, p. 621 ; Turton, p. 102 ; 

 Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 205 ; Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 40 ; Flem. Brit. An. p. 214 ; 

 Thompson, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 79, and Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 73 ; 

 Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 1837, i, p. 409 ; Parnell, Fishes Frith of Forth, 

 p. 16, pi. xx ; Yarrell, Brit. Fishes (Ed. 1), i, p. 41, c. fig. (Ed. 2) i, p. 47, 

 (Ed. 3) ii, p. 21 ; Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 340 ; Swainson, ii, p. 262 ; Guichen. 

 Explor. Alger. Poissons, p. 39 ; White, Catal. Brit. Fish. p. 3 ; Gunther, Catal. ii, 

 p. 202 ; Schlegel, De Dieren van Nederland, p. 43, pi. iv, f. 2 ; Moreau, Compt. 

 Rend. 1864, ii, p. 436; Steind. Ich. Span. u. Port. 1867, p. 81; Collett, Norges 

 Fiske, p. 37; Mcintosh, Fish. St. Andrew's, p. 172. 



