CORYPELENIDJE. 121 



Genus 3. — Luvarus, Rafinesque. 



Amentia, Risso. Proctostegus, Nardo. Diana, Risso (young). Astrodermus, 

 Cuv. and Val. (young). 



Branchiostegals five : pseudobrancliiw present. Body oblong, anteriorly enlarged, 

 but compressed and much decreased in size in its posterior two-thirds. Mouth small 

 and terminal. Teeth in a fine row in the jaws : also on palatines and tongue in the 

 young. A single rayed dorsal fin situated in the last half of the length of the bade in 

 adults, bat about one-third longer in the young. Ventrals thoracic, which in the 

 young may possess an entire or serrated spine. Anal fin nearly similar to dorsal. 

 Caudal forked. A longitudinal keel along either side of the root of the tail in adults. 

 Opening of vent below origin of pectoral fin. Scales rudimentary. Air-bladder large. 

 Ccecal appendages few. 



The dorsal fin is very curious, as the remains of a part of the anterior 

 portion which exists in the young is sometimes perceptible in the adult. The 

 bones of this fish are of a very soft consistence. 



Professor Giglioli has shown most conclusively that Diana semilunata, Risso, 

 is the immature of this fish. Such a modification is exceedingly remarkable 

 (see figure, p. 120). 



Geographical distribution. — Pelagic fishes found in the Mediterranean, and 

 occasional wanderers extend their range to the southern shores of the British 

 Isles, and even to Madeira. 



1. Luvarus imperialis, Plate XLIII. 



Luvarus imperialis, Rafin. Carat. Gen. 22, Spe. 53, Ind. Itt. Sicil. p. 39, 

 No. 290, pi. i, f. 1 ; C. Bonap. Catal. No. 700 ; Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 412 ; Giglioli, 

 Catal. Faun. Ital. p. 26 ; Moreau, Poiss. Prance, ii, p. 511. 



Ausonia Cuvieri, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 342, f . xxviii ; Lowe, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. 1843, p. 84 ; C Bonap. Catal. No. 699 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 414, and Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 336, c, bad fig. of skeleton ; Canestr. Fauna Ital. p. 108 ; 

 Couch, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 332, c. fig. ; Steind. Ich. Span. u. Port. 1868, 

 p. 31. 



Proctostegus protolypus, Nardo, Mem. " De Proctostego " Patavii, 1827, c. fig. 



Ausonia Cocksii, Couch, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1866, xviii, p. 424, and 

 Cornish Zool. 1866, p. 500 ; W. Bullmore, Journ. Royal Inst. Cornwall, 1866, 

 No. vi, p. 61, c. fig. 



(Young.) 



Corypha>na eJcgans, Risso, Mem. pres. l'lnst. 1814. 



Diana s< m/il/wnata, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 267, t. vii, f. 14; Giinther, Catal. 

 ii, p. 413 ; Steind. 1. c. p. 30. 



Astrodernws coryphamoides, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 353, pi. eclxx ; Swainson, ii, 

 p. 255; Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 37, and Trans. Zool. Soc. iii, p. 7. 



Astrodermus \'<ilruciennessi, Cocco, Giorn. Sc. Lett. Art. Sic. f. 153, c. fig. 



Astroderma plumbeum, Lowe, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 83. 



Astrodrrnins f-lrgans, Bonap. Faun. Ital. Pesci. No. 701, c. fig. ; Canest. Faun. 

 Ital. p. 108 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, ii, p. 514. 



B. v, D. 1/11-13 (22-23 in the young), P. 14-18, V. 1/4, A. 1/14 (18 in young), 

 C. 16, Ccec. pyl. 5, Vert. 20 (Nardo), 11/11 (Giinther). 



Length of head 4-| to 5, of caudal fin 5j, height of body 4 to 4f in the total 

 length. Eye — small, situated nearly in the middle of the height of the head, 

 6 to 7 diameters in the length of the head, 2 diameters from the end of the 

 snout. Mouth not protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw prominent, the 

 extent of the gape scarcely exceeding that of the diameter of the eye, while the 



