BLENNIID^E. 211 



Genus V. — Zoarces, Cuvier. 



Mustela, Artedi (preoccupied among quadrupeds). Zoarchus, Swainson. 



Branchiostegals six : pseudobranchice present. Body elongated and compressed. 

 Gill-openings wide. Several rows of conical teeth in front of the jaivs, a single roio 

 laterally, none on the palate. Dorsal fin long and formed' of rays, except in a short, 

 depressed and spinous portion near the end of the tail, these being the sole spines 

 which exist. No fin extending round the end of the tail : ventrals jugular, formed 

 of three or four rays. Scales rudimentary. Air-bladder absent : pyloric appendages, 

 if present, rudimentary. 



Swainson constituted this genus and Anarrhichas into family Zoarchidce. 



Geographical distribution. — From the northern seas to Scandinavia, Great 

 Britain and France. The Atlantic coasts of North America ; also Decastris Bay, 

 Kamschatka. 



2. Zoarces viviparus, Plate LXI, fig. 2. 



Mustela vivipara et marina, Schonev. pp. 49, 50, t. iv, f . 2 ; Jonston, t. xlvi, 

 f. 8; Willughby, p. 122, t. H 3, f. 5; Ray, p. 69. Lumpen, Willugh. p. 120, 

 t. H, 1. Guffer E alp out, Sibbald, Scot. Illus. iii, p. 25, pi. xix, f. 3. Blennius, 

 sp. 7, Artedi, Synom. p. 45. Enchelyopus, sp. Klein, Miss, iv, p. 57, No. 12, 

 t. xv, f. 1 ; Gronov. Zooph. no. 265, and Mus. Ich. i, p. 65. Viviparous Blenny, 

 Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1) iii, p. 211, pi. xxxvii (Ed. 2) iii, p. 283, pi. xli; Lowe, 

 Fauna Orcadensis, p. 204. 



Blennius viviparus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 443, and Mus. Ad. Fried, p. 69, 

 pi. xxxii, Kon. Veten. Ak. Handl. 1748, p. 37, t. ii, and Faun. Suec. p. 113; 

 Bonn. Atl. Ich. p. 55, pi. xxxii, f. 120 ; Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 180, pi. xxiv ; Bl. iii, 

 2, p. 262, t. lxxii; Bl. Schn. p. 170; Mull. Zool. Dan, ii, p. 23, pi. lxvii; Walb. 

 Artedi, Ren. iii, p. 185 ; Retz, Faun. Suec. p. 325 ; Siemsen, Fisch. Mecklenb. 

 p. 26 ; Donov. Brit. Fish, ii, pi. xxxiv ; Turton, Brit. Faun. p. 93. 



Blennius viviparus, Lacep. ii, p. 496. 



Gunnellus viviparus, Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 207. 



Zoarces viviparus, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Jenyns, Manual, p. 384 ; Yarrell, Brit. 

 Fish. (Ed. 1) i, p. 243, c. fig. (Ed. 2) i, p. 273 ; Nilss. Prod. p. 105 ; Cuv. and 

 Val. xi, p. 454; Parnell, Fishes Firth of Forth, p. 73, and Wern. Mem. vii, 

 p. 237 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 1837, i, p. 409 ; Johnston, Berwick. Nat. 

 Hist. Club, 1838, i, p. 171'; Kroyer, Dan. Fis. i, p. 355, c. fig. ; Thompson, N. H. 

 Ireland, iv, p. Ill ; White, Catal. p. 49 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 295 ; Kner, Denks. 

 Ak. Wiss. Wien, xxiv, 1865; Mcintosh, Fish. St. Andrew's, p. 176; Schlegel, 

 Dieren Neder. p. 65, pi. vi, f . 4 ; Steind. Ich. Span. u. Port. 1868, p. 10 ; Collett, 

 Norges Fiske, p. 78 ; Winther, Ich. Dan. Mar. 1879, p. 23. 



Zoarcanos viviparus, Ekstr. Fis. Morko, ed. Creplin, p. 241 ; Fries och Ekstr. 

 Skand. Fisk. p. 36, t. viii, f. 1 ; Nilss. Skancl. Faun. Fisk, p. 203 ; Yarrell, Brit. 

 Fishes (Ed. 3) ii, p. 380, c. fig. 



Zoarchus viviparus, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 283. 



Enchelyopus viviparus, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 100. 



Viviparous Blenny, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, ii, p. 239, p. 116. 



B. vi, 76-80/10/20-25, P. 19, V. 3, A. 84-89, Coec. pyl. 2, Vert. 25/85. 



Length of head b\ to 6, height of body 7 to 9 in the total length. Eye — 

 5 to 5£ diameters in the length of the head: 1 to 1^ from the end of the snout, 

 and about 1 apart. Lips think, the posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to 

 beneath the middle of the eye. A row of large glandular orifices along the 

 lower edge of the preopercle. Teeth — in several vows of conical ones in both 

 jaws, becoming a single row laterally : none on palate or tongue. Wins — dorsal 

 low, it commences just behind the occiput, is continued along the back, and near 



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