238 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



1. Gasterosteus aculeatus, Plate LXVIII, fig. 1, 2, 3. 



Pungitius piscis, Albert. Mag. Aldrov. v, cap. 36. Pungitius Alberti, Jonston, 

 iii, cap. 3. Pisciculus aculeatus, Rondel, ii, p. 206 ; Gesner, fol. 100a ; Willughby, 

 p. 341, t. x, f. 1 ; Ray, p. 145 ; Rutty, co. Dublin, i, p. 368. Gasterosteus, no. 1, 

 Artedi, Species, p. 96 ; Gronov. Zooph. no. 405. The three-spined stickleback, 

 Lowe, Fauna Oread, p. 216 ; Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, p. 261, pi. 1, 

 and (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 383, pi. lxi. 



Gasterosteus aculeatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 489 ; Blocb, t. liii, f. 3 ; Bl. Scbn. 

 p. 122 ; Bonnat. Atl. Icb. p. 136, pi. Ivii, f. 222 ; Donovan, Brit. Fish, i, pi. xi ; 

 Sbaw, Zool. iv, p. 604, pi. Ixxxvii ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 101 ; Flem. Brit. An. 

 p. 219 ; Risso, Icb. Nice, p. 192, and Eur. Merid. iii, p. 427 ; Fries ocb Ekstr. 

 p. 17, t, iv, f. 1 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 1837, i, p. 409 ; Jobnston, 

 Berwick. Nat. Club, 1838, i, p. 170 ; Kroyer, Dan. Fiske, i, p. 169, c. fig. ; 

 Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1841, vii, p. 95, and Nat. Hist. Ireland, 

 iv, p. 82 ; Nilss. Skan. Fauna, Fiske, p. 103 ; Jenyns, Man. p. 348 ; Wbite, Catal. 

 Fish. p. 35 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 167 ; Giinther, Catal. Brit. Mus. i, p. 2 ; 

 Scblegel, Dieren Neder. p. 52, pi. iv, f . 4 ; H. Malmgren, Wieg. Arcb. 1864, 

 p. 282 ; Steind. Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1865, Nov. 3 ; Blancbard, Poiss. France, 

 p. 214, c. fig. ; Canestrini, An. Soc. Nat. Mod. ii, 1867, p. 9 ; Bonizzi, Arcb. per 

 la Zool. 1869, p. 156, tav. iii ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 11 ; Sauvage, Re vis. 

 Epinocbes, Nou. Arcb. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. 1874, p. 9 ; Day, Journal Linn. Soc. 

 Zool. 1876, p. 110 ; Mcintosh, Fish. St. Andrew's, p. 171 ; Houghton, Brit. F. W. 

 Fish. p. 11, c. fig. ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 11 ; Winther, Icb. Dan. Mar. p. 4 ; 

 Giglioli, Peso. Ital. p. 18 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 163. 



Leiurus aculeatus, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 242. 



Three-spined stickleback,, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, i, p. 167, pi. xxxvii, fig. 1. 



Variety 1.* Gasterosteus trachurus, Plate LXVIII, fig. 1. 



Gasterosteus trachurus, Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 481, pi. xcviii, f . 1 ; Yarrell, Ann. 

 and Mag. iii, p. 522, f. 127a, and Brit. Fishes (Ed. 1) i, p. 76, c. fig. (Ed. 2) i, 

 p. 90 (Ed. 3) ii, p. 75 ; Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 242 ; Nilss. Skan. Fauna, Fiske, 

 p. 103 ; Parnell, Fishes Firth of Forth, p. 33, pi. xxv, and Wern. Mem. vii, 

 p. 193, 1. xxv ; Mcintosh, Fish. North Uist, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. v, 1862-66, 

 p. 614. 



Gasterosteus aculeatus, Ekstrom, Fische Morko, p. 153. 



Gasterosteus aculeatus, var. poritica, Nord. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid, iii, 

 p. 357. 



Rough-tailed stickleback. 



In this variety the vertical scaly plates, from thirty to forty in number, extend 

 along each side, from the head to the base of the caudal fin, becoming keeled 

 in the last part of their course. The example figured life size I captured in a 

 tidal pool at St. Andrew's. 



Variety 2. Gasterosteus semiloricatus. 



Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 494 ; Thompson, An. and Mag. 1841, vii, p. 95 ; Blancbard, 

 Poiss. Eaux Douces, France, p. 222, c. fig. ; Sauvage, Epinoches, p. 15. 



The bony plates along the side are said to be from 22 to 23, instead of 25 or 

 26, in number, anterior to the origin of tbe caudal keel (such as shown in my 

 figure of the last variety), and also that the shoulder plate is larger than in 

 gymnurus. 



Variety 3. Gasterosteus semiarmatus, Plate LXVIII, fig. 2. 

 Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 493; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1) i, p. 80, c. fig. (Ed. 2) i, 



* There are several species described by continental authors which I consider merely varieties 

 of O. aculeatus and Gf. pungitius, but which I have not deemed it necessary to enumerate in this 

 place. 



