286 ANACANTHINI. 



lie was standing some rooks that appeared to be feeding at the edge of the water. 

 On reaching the spot he saw a large haddock of about four pounds weight nearly 

 dead, without eyes, which the rooks had pecked out. Further on were other 

 haddocks without their eyes, some were quite dead and others nearly so. On 

 making inquiries of the keeper, he stated that those haddocks came out of the 

 Thames into that brackish water to spawn at that time of the year, and that after 

 they had spawned they were so weak and feeble that they lay on the surface, and 

 the wind gradually wafted them to the shore. The rooks took advantage of this, 

 and attacked them. 



Habitat. — From the Arctic portion of Europe, having a range very similar to 

 the cod. In February and March it appears to be most abundant off the shores 

 of Northern Europe, while in the autumn it is usually plentiful off Holland, 

 East Friezeland and Heligoland. It is found in varying numbers round the 

 British Isles, and along the Atlantic shores of France. In the western hemis- 

 phere it extends from Newfoundland to Cape Hatteras. Although the haddock 

 is common in Orkney and Zetland (W. Baikie) it is not so numerous as the cod, 

 nor are they caught in any quantities (Low) ; their visit would seem to be short. 

 Wick (Reid) : Banffshire extensively taken and largely cured (Edward) : Aber- 

 deen (Sim), and more numerous along the eastern coasts of Scotland and England 

 (especially from the Tyne to Yarmouth) than along their western : in Yorkshire 

 resident and very abundant (Yorkshire Vertebrata) : common in the Norfolk 

 estuary (Lowe) : also along the south coast of England. 



In Ireland it is generally common around the coast, but varies in different 

 localities. Dublin Bay is famous for its haddock, while those of Belfast are 

 highly esteemed. At Portrush, Co. Antrim, Ogilby (Zool. 1876, p. 4904) observes 

 that on Nov. 7th a haddock was captured, a great prize, as none had been 

 obtained for the last ten years, the fish having quite deserted the ground where 

 they were formerly very numerous. However, on opening it it was found to be 

 diseased and black inside. 



The example figured is 10 inches in length. Respecting the size to which 

 this fish attains, one weighing lOf lb. was landed in February, 1878, at Wick: 

 another was taken in Dublin Bay which weighed 24i lb. and was 37 inches in 

 length. The largest haddock mentioned by Yarrell was 16 lb., from Dublin Bay ; 

 by Couch 25 lb., and Thompson one of the same size from Groomsport. 



3. Gadus luscus, Plate LXXX. 



Asellus luscus, Willughby, p. 169. Asellus mollis latus, Willugh. Append, 

 p. 22, t. L. M. i, no. 4 ; Rutty, Dublin, i, p. 355. Asellus luscus and A. mollis 

 latus, Ray, p. 55. Gadus, sp. Artedi, Spec. no. 6, p. 65, Synon. p. 37, no. 12, and 

 p. 35, no. 5, Genera, p. 21, no. 6 ; Gronov. Zooph. no. 320. Gallarias, Klein, 

 Pise. Miss, v, p. 6, no. 3. Pout and Bib, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, pp. 183, 

 184, pi. xxx (Ed. 1812) iii, pp. 246, 247, pi. xxxiv. Tacaud, Duhamel, Peches, ii, 

 p. 136, pi. xxiii, f. 2. 



Gadus luscus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. ii, p. 60, and Syst. Nat. i, p. 437 ; Gmel. 

 Linn. p. 1163 ; Bonn. Atl. Ich. p. 47, pi. xxix, f. 102; Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 140; 

 Donovan, Brit. Fish, i, pi. xix ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 90 ; Jenyns, Manual, 

 p. 442 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837 (2) i, p. 411 ; Johnston, Berwick. Nat. 

 Club, 1838, i, p. 173; Nilss. Skand. Fauna, iv, p. 545; Krbyer, Dan. Fiske, ii, 

 p. 77, c. fig. ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 181 ; H. Blake-Knox, Zool. 

 1866, p. 507 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 335 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 81, pi. viii, 

 f. 1 ; Giglioli, Pesc. Ital. p. 36 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 233. 



Gadus barbatus, pt. Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 437 ; Bloch, t. clxvi ; Bl. Schn. p. 7 ; 

 Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 139 ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 90 ; Cuv. Regne Aniim ; Malm, 

 Gotheb. Hand. 1851, p. 107, c. fig. 



Gadus tacaud and bibus, Lacep. ii, pp. 365, 366, 403, 410. 



Morhua lusca, Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 191 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1) ii, 

 p. 157, c. fig. (Ed. 2) ii, p. 237 (Ed. 3) i, p. 540 ; Parnell, Wern. Mem. vii, p. 340, 

 and Fish. Firth of Forth, p. 180 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 181 ; 

 White, Catal. Fish. p. 88. 



