GADID^E. 323 



Genus VIII — Brosmius, Cuvier. 



Branchiostegals seven : pseudobranchice absent. Body moderately elongated, and 

 posteriorly compressed. A barbel below the chin. Teeth cardiform, present in the 

 jaivs, vomer, and on the palatine bones. A single long dorsal and a single anal fin, 

 which are distinct from the caudal. Ventral ivith five rays. Scales small. 



Geographical distribution. — In Europe from the polar region as far south in 

 the North Sea as off Yorkshire : while in the western hemisphere it extends as 

 low as to Cape Cod. 



Brosmius brosme, Plate XC, fig. 2. 



Brosme, Strom. Sondm. i, p. 272, t. i, f. 19 ; Pontopp. Norg. Nat. Hist, ii, 

 p. 207. TorsJc, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, p. 203, pi. lxxxix (Ed. 1812) 

 iii, p. 269, pi. lxxxvii ; Ascan. Icon, ii, p. 7, t. xvii. The Torsh-fish, Low, Fauna 

 Oread, p. 200. 



Gadus brosme, Mull. Prod. Zool. Dan. p. 41 ; Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 161 ; Eabr. 

 Faun. Grcenl. p. 149 ; Gmel. Linn, i, p. 1175 ; Lacep. ii, p. 450 ; Bl. Schn. p. 9 ; 

 Donovan, Brit. Fish, iii, pi. lxx ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 92 ; Faber, Fische Isl. 

 p. 84. 



Gadus torsh, Bonn. Atl. Ich. p. 51, pi. lxxxvii, f. 362. 



Gadus lubb, Euphras. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1794, p. 223, t. viii. 



Blennius torsh, Lacep. ii, p. 508. 



Enchelyopus lub and brosme, Bl. Sch. p. 51. 



Brosmius vulgaris, Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 194; Jenyns, Manual, p. 452; Yarrell, 

 Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1) ii, p. 197, c. fig. (Ed. 2) ii, p. 285 (Ed. 3) i, p. 591 ; Nilss. 

 Skan. Faima, iv, p. 597 ; Kroyer, Dan. Fiske, ii, p. 215, c. fig. ; Parnell, Wern. 

 Mem. vii, p. 357, and Fish. Firth of Forth, p. 197 ; Malgren, Wiegm. Arch. 1864, 

 p. 297 ; Storer, Fish. Mass. p. 136 ; De Kay, New York Fauna, Fish. p. 289, 

 pi. xliv, f. 143 ; Thompson, Natural History of Ireland, iv, p. 186 ; Goode and 

 Bean, P. U. S. Nat. Mus. i, p. 362. 



Brosmius Scotica, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 301. 



Brosmius brosme, White, Catal. p. 95 ; Gill, Proa Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1863, 

 p. 242 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 369 ; Mcintosh, Fish. St. Andrew's, p. 179; Collett, 

 Norges Fiske, p. 125 ; Winther, Ich. Dan. Mar. p. 35. 



Brosmius Americanus, Gill, 1. c. p. 242. 



Torsh, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iii, p. 96, pi. cxlvii. 



B. vii, D. (85)90-100,* P. 21-23, V. 5, A. (62)71-76, C. 35. 



Length of head 5, of caudal fin 9 to 9^, height of body 8 in the total length. 

 Eye — diameters 4| in the length of the head, 1| diameters from the end of the 

 snout, and 1 apart. Interorbital space nearly flat. The snout somewhat projects 

 beyond the upper jaw which last is slightly longer than the mandibles. The 

 maxilla reaches posteriorly to beneath the middle of the eye. Rather a deep 

 furrow extends from the occiput to the base of the dorsal fin. A short barbel 

 beneath the chin. Teeth — cardiform, with an inner row in the lower jaw the 

 largest : while there exist some still larger ones mixed with cardiform ones on 

 the vomer and palatines : tongue toothless. Fins — the fins-rays in the fresh 

 examples aro very difficult to count, owing to their being covered by skin; the 

 dorsal commences above the middle of the pectoral and is continued at nearly the 

 sanio height almost to the base of the caudal fin. The anal commences on a 

 line beneath about the thirty-fifth dorsal ray. Ventrals broad, thick, ending in 



* Donovan shows only forty-five rajB in the dorsal fin, ami thirty-seven in the anal, and gives 

 the same numbers in his text. In this he appears to have been copied l>y Fleming and Jeuyus, 

 while the error has l>e»n continued through the three editions of Yarrell's British Fishes. 



21* 



