GARDINER GREENE HUBBARD 61 



all of the multitude of particulars in every body, and those 

 observed by one must be added to those observed by others be- 

 fore the induction is complete. Then deduction may enter the 

 field for the final reconstruction of the external universe in a 

 hierarchy of valid concepts representing the hierarchy of the 

 universe until the universe itself shall be reproduced in every 

 human mind. 



Many men must work together to operate a railroad across the 

 continent; but when cooperating, what feats of transportation 

 they can accomplish. All the men of the world could not carry 

 the freight from San Francisco to New York which could be 

 transported by one railroad. Cooperation in scientific work is 

 equally economic. The problems of the universe are to be solved, 

 and they cannot be without the organized labor of research. To 

 expect men to accomplish this labor without cooperation is like 

 expecting men to gather the wheat of the prairie and carry it on 

 their shoulders to the seaside mart; but a selected few of those 

 laborers may easily perform the task when they are organized 

 as railroad transporters. 



By what agency can the men engaged in scientific research 

 cooperate in the solution of the problems of the universe? 

 Scientific men will solve these problems when they cooperate, 

 for all problems can be solved after they are stated. One man 

 may be an agnostic, but all men are not agnostic for all time ; 

 while much of the universe is unknown, the universe is not un- 

 knowable. The universe is unknowable only to the fool who 

 would try to carry it in a sack on his own shoulder. 



There is an army of men engaged in research in America which 

 is but an integral part of the world's scientific men. In 1883 

 two men, Gardiner Greene Hubbard and Alexander Graham 

 Bell, sought to more thoroughly organize the American army 

 and put it in cooperation with the world's scientific host; for 

 this purpose they essayed to organize a magazine or journal of 

 science. They called to their aid President Gilman, of the Johns 

 Hopkins University ; Professor Marsh, of Yale College, and Pro- 

 fessor Scudder, of Harvard. Mr Scudder was made the editor 

 and the journal was launched on the sea of publication. 



This journal was specialized in five departments : First, there 

 was editorial comment on public affairs relating to the institu- 

 tions of research in America; second, its columns were open to 

 the discussion of scientific subjects by the leaders of thought ; 

 third, it was a medium for the announcement of discoveries ; 



