ICELAND, GREENLAND, AND V1NELAND 



81 



Numerous relics have been found in these ruins — iron nails 

 and knives, pieces of stone vessels, spinning stones, bone combs, 

 and stone pendants bored with holes and incised with rune-like 

 but illegible characters. These, like all the ruins in Greenland 

 which have been thoroughly dug out, are attributed by the Danes 

 to a period later than the Saga time. 



VINELAND 



The ruins, found where one had every reason to hope to find 

 traces of the houses built in Vineland by Leif Erikson and his 

 followers, did not differ in their essential features from those of 

 Iceland in the Saga-time. The situations were similar. The 

 walls were laid in the same way and were of the same thickness, 

 and the fireplaces were constructed as they were in the habit of 

 constructing them at home. 



i i i i_ 



10 Meters 

 SUPPOSED NOESE HUIN IN MASSACHUSETTS 



The walls of this house can be little more than suggested. 

 They were probably built almost entirety of turf, and they looked 

 as if they might have been intentionally destroyed. I show it 

 for its fireplace. Three or four fireplaces were on the site, one 

 of them being the familiar Indian clam-bake, with its neatly 

 paved, saucer-shaped hearth piled with ashes and unopened clam 

 shells, for this temptingly prepared feast had never been eaten. 

 One of these fireplaces, however, was very different from the 

 others, and of the Icelandic type, with its surrounding upright 

 stones at the four corners and a mass of charcoal and stones in- 

 side. This house is one of those on the place pointed out in 

 Cambridge by my father, Eben Norton Horsford, as the site of 



