110 THE NORTHWEST PASSES TO THE YUKON 



the one-eyed tyrant of the Chilkoot village, would let him cross 

 the mountains, which they pictured as full of dangers, although 

 Lieut. Wood was fortified with messages, gifts, and tokens from 

 Doniwak's sister, the wife of Sitka Jack; An account of his stay, 

 "Among the Thlinkets in Alaska," was published in The Century 

 magazine July, 1882. 



In 1878 Doniwak peremptorily refused entrance to the pros- 

 pectors Rath and Bean, but is said to have permitted George 

 Holt to go as far as Fort Selkirk and return under guard. 



In 1880 the same Edmund Bean, with a party of nineteen 

 miners, were placed under the special protection of Kloh-Kutz, 

 through the active interest and clever diplomacy of Capt. L. A. 

 Beardslee, U. S. N., and guided across the passes, after giving 

 assurances that they would not interfere with the fur trade. A 

 trader did slip in in the wake of the prospectors, but being de- 

 tected, was brought back and his life saved by Capt. Beardslee's 

 earnest interference. As these miners went in, they met James 

 Wynn (now of Juneau) coming out, and from him received warn- 

 ing of the dangerous rapids in the river beyond the lakes. Wynn 

 has assured me that he had previously crossed the pass in 1879. 



Forty-five miners crossed the pass in the spring of 1882 and 

 returned in the autumn, and the Indians, finding that the pack- 

 ing of miners' supplies was more remunerative than the dimin- 

 ishing fur-trade, virtually raised the blockade and established 

 an exorbitant tariff for transportation. 



The Doctors Krause,of the Geographical Societies of Berlin and 

 Bremen, spent the year 1882 and the succeeding winter at 

 Pyramid Harbor and in the Chilkat villages, making the ethno- 

 graphic studies published in the volume Die Thlinket Indianer" 

 and in collecting for their museum. Kloh-Kutz was, as usual, 

 the patron and protector of scientists, and assisted in their ex- 

 ploration and survey of the Chilkat i*iver and its branches, the 

 Chilkat pass, and the country beyond as far as the great lake 

 named Lake Ark ell in 1890. The Drs Krause's maps of this 

 region were published by the Berlin and Bremen Geographical 

 Societies in 1883. 



In 1883 Lieut. Frederick Schwatka, U. S. A., crossed by the 

 miners' usual trail the eastern, Chilkoot, or Shaseki pass, re- 

 named it the Perrier pass, and rafted his way down the Yukon 

 to the sea. The miners who went in in 1883 sent back for pro- 

 visions and spent the winter on the upper Yukon. 



