112 THE NORTHWEST PASSES TO THE YUKON 



In 1884 Dr Everette, U. S. A., crossed the Chilkat pass along 

 the Kranse route, intending to explore westward and descend 

 the Copper river, cooperating with Lieut. Abercrombie, who at- 

 tempted the exploration of Copper river from its mouth; but 

 neither plan was followed to completion. When Lieut. H. T. 

 Allen explored the Copper river in 1885, his part}' ascended to 

 the headwaters, crossed the divide to the Tanana, and descended 

 that stream to the Yukon. 



In 1890 Mr E. J. Glave, leading an expedition sent out by the 

 Frank Leslie's Weekly newspaper, followed the Doctors Krause's 

 routeto the Alsek basin, went northward and returning descended 

 the Alsek to the ocean at Dry ba} r . In 1891 Mr Glave proved his 

 claim that pack horses could be taken over the range and could 

 find sufficient pasturage in the bush country beyond. His " Pio- 

 neer Pack-horses in Alaska," published in The Century magazine, 

 September and October, 1892, describes his route across to Lake 

 Arkell, a route now known as the Dalton trail— Jack Dalton 

 having been his assistant in the experiment with pack-horses. 



The existence of a lower pass still further east, to be reached 

 by an easy trail from Skagway creek, was reported to Mr Wil- 

 liam Ogilvie during his survey of 1887, and Capt. Moore of his 

 party was detailed to explore it. He determined the altitude of 

 the pass as 2,400 feet above sea-level, and named it in honor of 

 Hon. Thomas White, Canadian Minister of the Interior. It was 

 at once seen that White pass most easily allowed a wagon road to 

 be constructed across to Lake Bennett — a distance of 47 miles 

 and a rise of 2.400 feet, in contrast to the distance of 27 miles 

 and a rise of 3,500 feet on the Chilkoot, Shaseki, or Perrier pass, 

 again named as the D} T ea pass by Mr Ogilvie. 



The passes to the Yukon basin from Taku inlet and river were 

 known to H. B. Co. traders and the W. U. T. Co. surveyors, but 

 were first definite^ exploited as a route to the Yukon mining 

 regions by the expedition of Lieut. Schwatka, U. S. A., and Dr 

 C. Willard Hayes, of the U S. Geological Survey, in 1891. The} 7 " 

 followed the north fork of the Taku river and crossed to Lake 

 Teslin, where they launched canvas boats and proceeded without 

 interruption to Fort Selkirk. The river connecting Lake Teslin 

 with the Lewes — known to the Indians as Teslintoo, and as the 

 Hootalinqua or " Hoody-Link " to the miners — was marked on 

 the Coast Survey chart at the time as the Nas-a-thane, or "no sal- 

 mon," and was renamed the Newberry river by Lieut. Schwatka. 



