List of Illustrations xiii 



Page 

 Sand column in the white sands, New Mexico, ca'used by the protection afforded by the 



three-leaved sumac growing over it 156 



Vegetation of the Sonora Desert, near Torres, Mexico 157 



Papago Indian obtaining drinking water from a barrel cactus west of Torres, Mexico . . . 158 



Group of palms in the Colorado desert, California. ... 161 



Map showing location of and annual precipitation at certain stations in the arid region 



of western America. . . 162 



Menelik, King of Ethiopia, awaiting the arrival of United States Commissioner Skinner 



in the Aderach or imperial parlor 164 



Map showing winds, calms, and sailing routes, May-October 172 



Map showing calms and sailing routes, November- April 173 



The Gardiner Greene Hubbard Memorial Hall . . 177 



View of marble entrance hallway 1 78 



The library and meeting hall 179 



The fireplace, carved in Indiana sandstone 180 



Another view of the library and meeting hall 181 



Ten thousand acres of wokas or waterlilies — Indian dugouts used for gathering the 



wokas pods.. 182 



A pile of wokas pods drying in the sun — Several winnowing trays and buckets are shown. 183 



Crushing the dried wokas pods to obtain the seeds. 184 



Map of Alaska, 36 by 42 inches Supplement 



Dragging the surface and dip nets from the Albatross 193 



Picture of the highest mountain in the world set in the greatest ocean depth 195 



Cascades in Litnik stream — Afoguak Island, Alaska 196 



A salmon ascending the cascades of Litnik stream . . 197 



Salmon trap belonging to Alaska Packers' Association, Nushagok River 198 



Removing blubber from a whale beached on California coast 200 



School of blackfish stranded on the shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts 201 



Drying skates for manufacture into fertilizer, opposite Provincetown, Massachusetts. . . . 202 



Discharging menhaden from vessel by means of tubs 204 



Spongers at work 205 



The sponge fleet and the sponge auction wharf at Key West 206 



Tables showing yield and value of fisheries 210, 211 



A well-kept forest of timber bamboo 223 



The rapidity of growth of bamboo shown 224 



Group of monkeys representing a favorite maxim of the Japanese 225 



A field of vetch, showing the effect of inoculation 226 



Tubercles of velvet bean produced by inoculation 227 



An abandoned monastery in Ladakh 228 



Another view of the monastery at Ladakh 229 



A group of lamas, Ladakh 230 



Hon. Charles D. Walcott 235 



Women's ward, leper hospital, San Lazaro, Philippines 241 



Igorrote village and terraces for rice planting 242 



Teosinte ready for fifth cutting 245 



Vinta or Moro sailing boat, with Samal man 246 



Rice paddies .... 249 



Inhabited cascos lying in the Pasig river 250 



A cocoanut raft from Laguna in one of the esteros of Manila 253 



Moros carrying a wood sample 255 



