viii Contents 



Page 



"North America " (Israel C. Russell) 371 



" Year Book of the U. S. Department of Agriculture " 371 



" Glaciers of Alaska " (George Davidson) . . . 371 



Recent Government Reports 371 



Program and List of Delegates and Members of the Eighth International Geographic 



Congress 373 



Address by Commander Robert E. Peary, U. S. N. , on the Assembling of the Congress 



in Washington, September 8, 1904 . . 387 



Some Early Geographers of the United States ; by Rear Admiral C. M. Chester, U. S. N. 392 

 Recent Progress in the Execution of a Map of the World on the Uniform Scale of 



1 : 1,000,000 (Sixteen Miles to the Inch) ; by Dr. Ai,brechT Penck 405 



Methods of Exploration in Africa ; by Major A. ST. H. Gibbons 408 



The Special Telegraphic Time Signal from the Naval Observatory in Honor of the Eighth 



International Geographic Congress , 411 



Resolutions Adopted by the Eighth International Geographic Congress 415 



The Eighth International Geographic Congress . . 419 



Geographic Notes 427 



Pearl and Turtle Farms in Japan 427 



The Ziegler Polar Expedition 427 



The Chagres River 428 



The Isthmus of Panama 428 



The Commercial Importance of New York State 429 



Conditions in Manchuria 429 



Immigrants in 1903-1904 , 429 



Abstracts of Geographic Congress Papers 430 



A Project for the Exploration of the Atmosphere Over the Tropical Oceans ; by A. 



Lawrence Rotch 430 



The Bearing of Physiography upon Suess's Theories ; by Wm. M. Davis 430 



The Chronometer and Time Service of the U. S. Naval Observatory and the Present 



Status of Standard Time ; by Lieut. Comdr. Edward Everett Hayden, U. S. N. 430 

 The Destruction of Pompeii Interpreted by the Volcanic Eruptions in Martinique ; 



by Angelo Heilprin 431 



Game and Fur-bearing Animals and Their Influence on the Indian of the Northwest ; 



by Townsend W. Thorndike, M. D . 43 1 



Geographic Literature 43 2 



"The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, "Vol. xvin, 1617-1620 (Blair and Robertson).. . '432 



"Great American Canals " (A. B. Hulbert) 432 



" The South American Republics " (Thomas C. Dawson) 432 



" Sweden — Its People and Its Industry " (Gustav Sundbarg) ... 432 



" The Norwegian North Polar Expedition " (Fritjof Nansen) 432 



"Africa from South to North through Morotseland " (Major A. St. H. Gibbons) 432 



" Dr La Cote DTvoire au Soudan et a La Guinee " (Le Capitaine D'Ollone) . 432 



New English Province of Northern Nigeria, The 433 



Scientific Work of Mount Weather Meteorological Research Observatory ; by Frank H. 



Bigelow, of the United States Weather Bureau. 442 



Some Facts About Japan ; 446 



Some Peculiar Features of Central African Geography ; by S. P. Verner 448 



The Glaciers of Alaska 449 



Government Assistance in Handling Forest Lands 450 



Geographic Notes 452 



Problems of the Far East , 452 



