The Republic of Panama 



59 



A Wedding 1 at Colon 



the constitution was asserted by Antio- 

 quiaand Panama in 1856 and 1857, this 

 being the second independence of the 

 Province of Panama. Stormy times fol- 

 lowed these national upheavals, and 

 the independence of the provinces was 

 not long undisturbed. A congress at 

 Bogota established a republic under the 

 name of the United States of Colombia 



in 1861, adopting a new federal consti- 

 tution for the purpose of including all 

 the territory hitherto held by the Re- 

 public of Colombia, including the Isth- 

 mus of Panama. The opposite party, 

 however, victorious in the western por- 

 tion of the country, declined to ac- 

 knowledge the authority at Bogota. 

 Internal disturbances of all degrees. 



