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The National Geographic Magazine 



are the Tagalogs, who number i , 600,000, 

 •or 24 per cent, or nearly one- fourth. 

 The Bicols form 8 per cent, the Hocanos 

 and Pangasinans 7 per cent each, the 

 Pampangans 4 per cent, the Cagayanes 

 3 per cent, and the Zambalans only 1 

 per cent. These tribes live, in the 

 main, on or near the coast or on navi- 

 gable rivers. While not exactly a sea- 

 faring people, they spend much time 

 upon the water, and a large proportion 

 are fishermen. They travel mainly by 

 boat, and the river transportation, by 

 means of cascoes or large native cargo 

 boats, is in their hands. 



With the exception of the Moros, the 

 wild tribes have been crowded back from 

 the coast into the interior by the more 

 civilized peoples, and are now found 

 mainly in the mountains. The Moros 

 occupy the coasts of southern Mindanao, 

 and similarly have driven the wilder peo- 

 ples into the interior of that great is- 

 land. The Moros occupy also the whole 

 of the Basilan, Jolo, Tapul, and Tawi- 

 Tawi groups of islands. 



Of the wild tribes the Igorrotes of the 

 mountains of Luzon and the Moros of 

 the southern islands are the largest and 

 most powerful. Besides these, there are 

 many smaller tribes, especially in Min- 

 danao, who are even wilder. The low- 

 est of all the people of the islands are 

 the Negritos, who, though widely scat- 

 tered over the archipelago, are found 

 mainly in the mountains of northern 

 Luzon, and number only 25,000. Of 

 all these wild tribes, the Igorrotes are 

 probably the most promising. Physi- 

 cally they are strong, sturdy mountain- 

 eers, and are bright, honest, and in- 

 dustrious. While many of them are 

 still hunting heads in inter-village feuds 

 in the remote region known as Bon- 

 toc, others are earning their liveli- 

 hood as packers, miners, and farmers. 

 All the baggage, furniture, and supplies 

 of all kinds for the infantile mountain 

 capital in Benguet province are packed 

 on the backs of Igorrotes a distance of 



25 miles and to an altitude of 5,000 feet. 

 They number probably about 175,000. 



The Moros are a very different peo- 

 ple. They number about 275,000 and 

 inhabit southern Mindanao and the Ba- 

 silan, Jolo, Tapul, and Tawi-Tawi Island 

 groups southwest of Mindanao. They 

 are nominally Mohammedans, though 

 their religion is not such as to interfere 

 with their chosen modes of life. They 

 were the Malay pirates of whom we 

 read, who were the scourge of the Phil- 

 ippine coasts, raiding the towns, killing 

 the men, and carrying off the women 

 and children. Fierce and fearless in 

 war, the Spaniards made little headway 

 against them, and when Spain turned 

 over the islands to us she left a pros- 

 pective lot of trouble for us in this peo- 

 ple; but by wisdom, patience, and a 

 little sharp fighting we have established 

 our supremacy, and there is peace in 

 Moro land. 



Each tribe has its own language, and 

 even different parts of the same tribe 

 may speak dialects which differ greatly 

 from one another. Thus the Visayans 

 of Cebu cannot easily communicate with 

 the Visayans of Leyte or Samar; hence 

 there is great confusion of tongues. 

 Only a small proportion of the Filipino 

 people use the Spanish language; in- 

 deed, less than 10 per cent. There are 

 thousands of villages in which no one 

 can be found who speaks Spanish. The 

 Spanish spoken by the common people 

 is by no means pure Castilian, but is 

 commonly known in the islands as Car- 

 ibao Spanish. English is taught in all 

 the schools, and the younger generation 

 is making rapid progress in it. Every- 

 where the Filipino shows a desire to 

 learn the language and a great pride in 

 the progress made. 



This people numbers 7,600,000, scat- 

 tered over 115,000 square miles, in 

 14,000 cities and villages. There are 

 very few rural inhabitants. The peo- 

 ple are gregarious, probably 99 out of 

 every 100 living in cities or villages, 



