io8 The National Geographic Magazine 



The Filipinos are great fishermen, and 

 most of their flesh diet consists of fish. 

 For their capture they use both traps 

 and nets. 



The manufactures of the islands are 

 mainly carried on by hand in the homes 

 of the people. Thus are made on hand 

 looms by the women the beautiful and 

 delicate fabrics known asSinamay, Jusi, 

 and Pina. Thus are made the beautiful 

 hats which one day may become as fash- 

 ionable and highly prized as the well- 

 known Panama hat. Most of the lum- 

 ber is sawn by hand with whipsaws. 



In Manila, however, are some large 

 factories, especially of cigars. There 

 are also several lumber mills, a brewery, 

 and numerous other establishments. 



MEANS OF TRAVEL 



The. transportation of the islands is 

 mainly by steamers on the sea, coast- 

 wise, and by cascoes along the numer- 

 ous short rivers and bayous. The 

 traffic down the Pasig from the Laguna 

 de Bay, that great lake in the interior of 

 Luzon, surrounded by populous towns, 

 is very great and is carried on these 

 cargo boats. These are homes as well 

 as cargo-carriers, for the boatmen live 

 on them with their families. On the 

 boats of all kinds in and about Manila 

 about 16,000 people live constantly. 



Travel among the islands is mostly by 

 sea. There are several lines of native 

 boats which carry passengers and freight 

 between Manila and the provinces, and 

 the civil government possesses a number 

 of boats known as coast-guard boats, 

 which it uses for transportation of mail 

 and passengers and its own freight. 

 These coast-guard boats are very com- 

 fortable, although their accommodations 

 are limited. The native boats are, how- 

 ever, extremely disagreeable for white 

 people, and are to be avoided if possible. 

 Travel in the interior is much more 

 difficult. The only railroad in the islands 

 runs northward from Manila to Dag- 

 upan, a distance of 120 miles. It is a 



narrow-gauge road, owned by an En- 

 glish company, and is run at the dizzy- 

 ing rate of 1 5 miles an hour for express 

 trains, and all its appointments are in 

 proportion. The native travel on this 

 road is enormous and the freight move- 

 ment is large. 



A few good roads were built in the 

 islands under Spanish regime, the long- 

 est of which runs from Dagupan north- 

 ward along the coast to the north end 

 of Luzon. Most of the bridges on this 

 road are temporary affairs, built of 

 bamboo, which go out' with each wet 

 season, and many of them have not in 

 recent years been replaced. The road 

 also, which originally was well con- 

 structed of macadam, is now badly 

 washed in places. This is probably a 

 sample of the condition of the best roads 

 in the islands. Aside from a few such 

 roads, the ways consist mostly of trails 

 impassable to wheeled vehicles. 



For passenger travel the common 

 animal is the Filipino pony, which is a 

 little larger than a Shetland pony, is 

 rather stockily built, but well shaped 

 and hardy, tough, free, and fast. They 

 are used both for riding and driving 

 and make excellent saddle animals. 



The draft animal is the carabao, or 

 water buffalo, much like an ox, with 

 slow, ponderous movements, dark dun, 

 almost black in color, the hide lightly cov- 

 ered with hair, and generally equipped 

 with large, heavy horns. This animal 

 is used not only in the country in all 

 farming operations, but largely in the 

 city for draft purposes. The weakness 

 of the animal is his constitutional ina- 

 bility to go long without a bath, and 

 when left to h'mself he is almost am- 

 phibious, spending a large part of his 

 time in water. A few hours' work in 

 the sun without a bath is often fatal. 

 The carabao is a Filipino animal in the 

 sense that it recognizes only the Fili- 

 pino as its master. It distinguishes a 

 white man b}' his odor, and in many 

 cases is excited by his presence. If at 



