Agriculture in Japa 



N 



3 2 3 



was established, and then read a few 

 lines on our capital, the city of Lima. 



Among the towns properly so called, 

 Lima or Laima occupies the premier 

 position. It is the capital, and is the 

 manufacturing and commercial center 

 of Peru. 



It is connected with the port of Callao 

 by two lines of railway and electric cars. 

 The Northern Railway extends as far 

 as the port of Ancon, while the southern 

 line forms a connection with the water- 

 ing places of Miraflores, Barranco, and 

 Chorillos, about 9^2 miles, with which 

 another electric road has been estab- 

 lished. Lima, containing a population 

 of 130,000 inhabitants, with its spring 

 climate and its proverbial hospitality, is 

 one of those American towns where the 

 foreigner can enjoy all the charms of 

 the most polished society. The stranger 

 is welcomed everywhere, and, provided 

 that he only makes himself agreeable, 

 every door is opened to him with much 

 greater readiness than in the old world. 



It is a modern city in every way, 

 although preserving its picturesque 

 colonial aspect. It has every improve- 

 ment — electric light, gas, telephone, 

 modern sewerage, splendid water sup- 

 ply, asphalt paving, etc. 



The state of culture in Lima is more 

 advanced than one would think. Its 

 university is the most ancient in Amer- 

 ica, and is organized in the same man- 

 ner as those in Europe, and in all re- 

 spects has nothing to fear from com- 

 parison with the universities of the 

 new world. The beauty of the city is 

 being continually enhanced by the addi- 

 tion of new parks, avenues, monuments, 

 squares, and public buildings. 



Callao is the chief port of Peru, and 

 its bay is safe, large, and sheltered. 

 The docks, which cost ,£2,000,000, 

 allow the largest ships to come right 

 alongside the quays. There is a float- 

 ing dry dock, its inner measurements 

 being 300 feet long by 76 feet wide, 

 with a depth of 29 feet 3 inches. 



AGRICULTURE IN JAPAN 



By U. S. Consul-General Bellows, Yokohama, Japan 



ONLY 14,995,272 acres, or 15.7 

 per cent of the whole area of 

 Japan, exclusive of Formosa, 

 consists of arable land, and 55 per cent 

 of the agricultural families cultivate less 

 than 2 acres each; 30 per cent cultivate 

 2 acres and less than 3^ acres, leaving 

 1 5 per cent of the farmers who cultivate 

 farms of 3^ acres or more. A compari- 

 son of the whole area under cultivation 

 with the number of farm workers shows 

 that, on an average, one man cares for 

 a little less than an acre. 



An American farmer will naturally 

 wonder how the Japanese farmer can 

 support his family from the produce of 

 so small a farm, and how he employs his 



time on it. The Japanese standard of 

 living is far below the American, and the 

 income of the Japanese farmer is usually 

 increased by his engaging in some sub- 

 sidiary industry, such as rearing silk- 

 worms, reeling silk, or spinning, and by 

 working for wages in the intervals of 

 farm work. In his work on the farm he 

 seldom uses a horse or other draft ani- 

 mal, and his tools are of a very primitive 

 character. He fertilizes and cultivates 

 very thoroughly, and is thus enabled to 

 secure a more abundant harvest, be- 

 sides often raising two or more crops 

 a year on the same field. In the warmer 

 latitudes of Japan barley, indigo, beans, 

 and rape are grown successively on one 



