ILLUSTRATIONS vii 



Page 



The Albatross .' 290 



Beam trawl 293 



Diagram showing deviation of dredge rope from a perpendicular line 



of 1,000 fathoms . 294 



Bad Land scenery — Jail rock, Cheyenne county, Nebraska (pi. 9). . . 330 



Big Bad Lands — sandstone caps on clay columns 338 



Near southern end of Sheep mountain, Washington county, South 



Dakota 341 



Toadstool park, near Adelia, Sioux county, Nebraska. 342 



Diagram showing track of West Indian hurricane of August 7-14, 



1899 344 



Walter Wellman 348 



Cape Tegetthoff, the headquarters of the Wellman expedition 350 



Southeastern Alaska and Klondike region (pi. 10) 377 



Steam locomotive on runners 379 



Plodding up the Stikine on sledges 380 



Leland hotel, Glenora, B. C 383 



Telegraph creek 384 



Indian cabins for the dead 386 



Pack-train ascending to first summit, Teslin trail . . . . . . . 388 



Camping on the first summit, above Telegraph creek 389 



Improvised bridge over Little Tahltan river, Teslin trail 390 



Fallen and standing fire-killed timber ready for the next fire, Priest 



River forest reserve, Idaho 394 



A slashing before the fire 395 



Fire glades surrounded by fire-scarred timber on higher ground, 



Black Hills, South Dakota 396 



Fire-scarred seedling of longleaf pine 399 



Two generations of lodgepole pine in even-aged growth after fire... . 400 

 Unscarred even-aged young growth of red fir, showing fire-scarred 



rotting stubs of the previous generation 401 



Red fir forest on land once ravaged by fire ........ 402 



Diagram of mean monthly variation in lake levels and precipitation. 404 



Hudson's Bay Company's map (pi. 11) 425 



Sir C. Bagot's proposals, 1824 428 



Vancouver's chart, No. 1 (pi. 12) 432 



Vancouver's chart, No. 2 (pi. 13) 432 



Russian imperial map 437 



British map 438 



Canadian map of 1831 441 



Canadian map of 1857 442 



French map, 1844 445 



State Department map, 1867 446 



Scottish Geographical Magazine map, 1898 448 



Boundary line of American and British claims 454 



Halt for forage 457 



Camp on Teslin trail 459 



Wheelbarrow with load of 300 pounds 460 



