CALCULA TIONS OF POPULATION IN JUNE, 1900 407 



the years 1832 to 1842; then from 1850 to 1865 the year of the 

 immigration report closes with December ; from 1866 to elate the 

 fiscal year ending with June is adopted. To make the figures 

 homogeneous, the earlier returns are approximately reduced to 

 years ending with June by adding and subtracting, for the fiscal 

 year of each decade, a proportion of the immigration equal to 

 the proportional part of the year between the end of June and 

 the end of the immigration year adopted ; that is, one-fourth if 

 the latter ends with September, one-half if with December. This 

 approximate reduction would be exact if immigration during 

 the year so divided were precisely uniform. The assumed im- 

 migration for the present fiscal year, 354,000, is larger than that 

 reported for any year since 1893, though considerably less than 

 for the first three years of the decade. The last decade, how- 

 ever, shows but one year, that ending June, 1886, when the im- 

 migration was less than 354,000. 



Immigration by Decades, and Reduction to Years Ending with June. 



ID 



o 



CO 



o 



•i 



a a 



& 



c 



3 



r- 



£ <-* 



•-> S 



CO 



.J ►. 



05 



O 05 



.9 S 



Ti '■£ 



05 c 





05 



•-3 a 





05 03 



"Z — 



'-> 3 



Si-s 



73 

 05 



o 3 



03 '" 



CJ Si 



3 60 



o 



"3 



U 



■"O 



-3 cjo 



r C'~ 



" 05 



05 



05 



05 



c 



05 5 



P 



M 



« 



.« 



H 



w 



Oct., 1820 



+ 2,100 



Sept., 1830 



— 5,800 



143,439 



139,700 



Oct., 1830 



+ 5,800 



Dec, 1840 



— 42,000 



599,125 



562,900 



Jan., 1841 



4- 42,000 



Dec, 1850 



— 148,000 



1,713,251 



1,607,300 



Jan., 1851 



+ 148,000 



Dec, 1860 



— 75,100 



2,579,520 



2,652,400 



Jan., 1861 



+ 75,100 



June, 1870 







2,298,596 



2,373,700 



July, 1870 







June, 1880 



' 



2,812,191 



2,812,200 



July, 1880 







June, 1890 







5,246,613 



5,246,600 



July, 1890 







June, 1899 



+ 354,000 



3,396,011 



3,750,000 



Natural Increase. — It need hardly be confessed that to take the 

 difference between the population at the beginning of June for 

 years ten apart, to diminish that difference by the immigration 

 for a ten-year interval reaching forward to the end of the same 

 month, and to treat this diminished difference as the natural 

 increase for the decade of the population reported at the begin- 

 ning, is not a procedure that should be employed in a 'calcula- 

 tion where any great refinement is admissible. Unfortunately, 

 in this case our data do not admit of delicate handling. The 

 most important error involved in this treatment is probably that 

 of neglecting the increase in the immigrant population itself 



