440 THE A L ASK AN B VXD A R Y 



of His Imperial Majesty," on which the boundar}' line of the 

 Russian possessions on the continent of North America was 

 drawn from the head of Portland channel, at a distance of ten 

 marine leagues from tidewater, around the head of all the inlets 

 to the 141° of longitude, and thence following that longitude to the 

 Arctic ocean. Along this line on the map is inscribed the legend : 

 "Linvites des Possessions Busses et Anglaises, oVcupres la Traite de 

 1825" (see map No. 4). So far from this map exciting any 

 protest or criticism its delineation was adopted and followed by 

 the cartographers of His Britannic Majesty, of the government 

 of Canada, and by all the map-makers of the world. John 

 Arrowsmith, the most authoritative cartographer of London, 

 whose map was used by the British negotiators of the treaty of 

 1825, published a map of the northwest coast in 1832, which 

 states that it contains the latest information which the docu- 

 ments of the Hudson's Bay Company furnish. It will be seen 

 that it exactly follows the line laid down by the Russian imperial 

 map of 1827 (see map No. 5). 



Arrowsmith's map was preceded, in 1831, by a map of the 

 northern part of North America, prepared by Joseph Bouchette, 

 deputy surveyor-general of the province of Lower Canada, and 

 "published, as the act directs, by James Wylcl, geographer to 

 the King, London, May 2d, 1831." It is " with His Majesty's 

 mostgraciousand special permission most humbly and gratefully 

 dedicated . . . to His Most Excellent Majesty King William 

 IVth, . . . compiled from the latest and most approved astro- 

 nomical observations, authorities, and recent surveys." This 

 map traces the- Russian boundary on the continent in con- 

 formity to the Russian imperial map of 1827 (see map No. 

 6). And all later publications, either official or unofficial, of 

 Canada followed the same course, as illustrative of which I repro- 

 duce the map which bears the following title : '' Map of the 

 northwest part of Canada, Indian territories, and Hudson's Bay. 

 Compiled and drawn by Thomas Devine, provincial land sur- 

 veyor and draftsman. By order of the Hon. Joseph Cauchon, 

 commissioner of Crown lands, Crown department, Toronto, 

 March, 1857" (see map No. 7). 



So far as I have been able to examine, the map-makers of all 

 foreign countries followed the boundary line drawn by Russia in 

 1827. This was notably the case with the French cartographers, 

 who have held a high place in the profession for accuracy and 

 authenticity. From the great number of publications, I have 



