514 THE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE 



gradually diminished to zero at a point six miles below Arch- 

 angel, in the Dwina river. The temperature of the sea varied 

 from about 45° F. in the southern part to 30° F. at Cape Teget- 

 thoff. Generally cloudy weather, with much fog at times, pre- 

 vailed during the voyage. 



With the departure of the ship, regular meteorological observa- 

 tions were taken on shore for two days, or until 7 a. m., August 5. 

 Thereafter, till the night of October 30, a period of eigt^-six 

 days, during which time I was in the field in charge of the ex- 

 peditionary advance party, the work embraced nearly continuous 

 records of temperature and pressure by means of the barograph 

 and thermograph, checked by means of standard thermometers 

 and two excellent aneroid barometers, besides nearly continuous 

 measurements of the wind movement and velocity by Robinson 

 anemometers, and frequent eye observations of the clouds, general 

 weather conditions, movements of the ice, etc. 



The self-registering instruments were carried in a large basket, 

 through which the air circulated freely. The basket rested upon 

 an inflated rubber pillow. The anemometer was mounted on a 

 hickor3 r pole seven feet in length. Whether on the sledge or in 

 the boat, these instruments gave entire satisfaction. Owing to 

 the very slow progress made in advancing the equipment from 

 day to da} 7 , the value of these field observations was not mate- 

 rially impaired by change of station, the largest radius of which 

 did not exceed fifty miles in a straight line between Cape Teget- 

 thoff and Fort McKinley. 



From August 22 to September 19 a station was maintained at 

 Storm bay, Wilczek Land, 35 miles northeast of Cape Tegetthoff, 

 and we were thus afforded an exceptional opportunity of study- 

 ing the meteorology of that storm-swept region. Strong south- 

 erly Winds blew almost incessantly, accompanied at times by 

 fog, snow, rain, and sleet, and on one occasion by hail. 



On September 19 we made a forced march across Quereau 

 glacier, Storm bay, to a low point of land near Cape Heller, 

 where we built an outpost and named the same Fort McKinley. 

 During this journey the self-registering instruments continued 

 to record in a most excellent manner, the barograph indicating 

 the height above sea-level (1,100 feet) and the inequalities of the 

 surface wherever ice valle\ r s were crossed. 



As illustrating the weather on this journey, I quote from my 

 journal as follows : 



September 18 : Weather clearer, but the wind from 2 p. m. (17th) 

 to 10 a. m. (18th) averaged 19 miles per hour from the southeast; 5 



