Animal Wealth of the United States 



5 2 



called into service to save, to make the most of 

 every scrap of material in the land, and to dis- 

 cover new ways in which some elements of 

 waste may be diverted from uselessness to use. 

 Hundreds of valuable products are now made 

 and shipped all over the world from materials 

 which under old methods had little or no value. 

 Thousands of people are employed in manu- 

 facturing these products. The technical schools 

 are constantly being called upon for young 

 men to aid in solving new problems in by- 

 product utilization. New plants are being built 

 requiring material, machinery, and labor in 

 construction. Success in by-product utilization 

 in the packing industry has directed the atten- 

 tion of other industries in this important ele- 

 ment in industrial administration. 



All this directly affects the people and has 

 been of great benefit to them. The investigator 

 in medicinal and other lines is constantly call- 

 ing upon the packer for material to aid him in 

 his work. In the pharmaceutical line much has 

 been done of benefit, and many ills are helped 

 by pharmaceutical preparations of animal 

 origin. In the fertilizing line many sections 

 are given over to growing products which 

 could not be profitably grown without the use 

 of fertilizers. The upland-cotton section of the 

 South has been made by the use of fertilizer in 

 the growing of cotton. Sandy soils in sections 

 climatically favorable have been developed into 

 large truck-farming districts through the use 

 of fertilizers, as the soil without fertilizers is 

 practically sterile. 



The furniture of the country is glued with 

 the packers' glue. A great deal of wool used 

 in clothing is from the sheep slaughtered by 

 the packers. One of the largest sources of 

 curled hair is the switch from the tails of cat- 

 tle. A large portion of the soap manufactured 

 comes from the tallows and greases prepared 

 by the packers. The colors in the summer 

 prints worn by women are largely fixed by the 

 use of albumen prepared by the packers, as is 

 also the finish on many of the fine leathers. 

 The horn comb, hairpins, and buttons are made 

 from the horns of steers. The knife handle, 

 the bone button, and many other articles are 

 made from hard bone of cattle. 



Researches by scientists of the first class are 

 employed every day by physicians, surgeons, 

 dentists, and chemists throughout the world. 

 More than thirty recognized therapeutics 

 agents of animal origin are produced in Ar- 

 mour & Co.'s laboratory. Among them are the 

 pepsin and pancreatin that physicians use in 

 treating digestive disorders. There is a prod- 

 uct of the thyroid glands that is employed in 

 treating cretinism or idiocy. Another is supra- 

 renalin. used in the most delicate surgical 

 operations to stop the flow of blood. To illus- 

 trate how closely the by-product feature of the 

 business is gleaned, the suprarenal glands of 

 more than 100,000 sheep are required to pro- 

 duce 1 pound of suprarenalin, and when pro- 



duced this suprarenalin is worth more than 

 $5,000 a pound. 



Certain by-products of the packing plants are 

 used for hardening and for coloring steel. In 

 fact, materials of animal origin, the result of 

 by-product utilization, enter into the manu- 

 facture of almost every article extensively. 



Most of these by-products are pro- 

 tected, and the farmer and cattle grower 

 buy them back and consume them more 

 largely than any other class of people. 

 It is fair and equitable to them that they 

 should have a compensating duty on their 

 own products. I will endeavor to illus- 

 trate this fully in the case of the principal 

 by-product of cattle — hides. 



Some of the manufacturers of boots 

 and shoes are particularly insistent upon 

 a repeal of the duty on hides. And ) r et 

 they never were so busy or so prosperous 

 as they have been under the operation of 

 the present tariff. I wish to give the 

 figures showing our exports of cattle, 

 leather, and boots and shoes for the two 

 years 1895 and 1905, the former under 

 free trade, the latter under dutiable hides 

 of cattle. 



Exports of Cattle, Boots, Shoes, and Leather 



1895. 



1905- 



Cattle number... 331,722 I 567,806 



Cattle vahie... $30,603,796 j $40,598,048 



Boots and shoes. ..number pairs... 822,412 5,315.699 



Boots and shoes value... $1,010,228 $8,057,897 



Total leather and manufactures 



of I $15,614,407 $37,936,745 



UNITED STATES EXPORT Of BOOTS AND 

 SHOES INCREASED 50O PER CENT. 



It will be seen that our exports of cat- 

 tle increased about 25 per cent ; our ex- 

 ports of all leathers and manufactures of 

 about 150 per cent, and our exports of 

 boots and shoes over 500 per cent in num- 

 ber and 700 per cent in value. 



Great Britain has had free trade all 

 these years and cheap labor, and yet, 

 though twelve years ago she exported 

 more than twelve times the boots and 

 shoes we did, we have caught and passed 

 her in this, as in about everything else. 

 We have, under dutiable hides, become 



