164 CLUPE11LE. 



6. CHANOS. 



L:icep. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 395 (1803) ; Giinth. Oat. Fish. vii. p. 473 (1868); Bleek 



Atlas Ichtli. vi. p. 81 (1872). 

 Lutodeira (van Hasselt), Riipp. Fische R. Meer. p. 17 (1828). 

 Scoliostomus, Rlipp. 1. c. 



Mouth small ; no teeth ; maxillary rather small. Eye entirely covered 

 -by a transparent adipose lid. Gill-membranes entirely united, but free 

 from the isthmus ; branchiostegal rays 4. Body compressed, belly 

 rounded ; scales small, longitudinally striated ; lateral line present, with 

 straight, simple tubules. Dorsal fin above the ventrals, longer than the 

 anal, these tins folding in a scaly sheath. Ventral fins with 11 or 12 

 rays. A scaly process above the base of the pectoral, and another above 

 the ventral. Vertebrae 43-44. Air-bladder with a constriction. An 

 accessory branchial organ. 



Indian and Tropical Pacific Oceans, often occurring in fresh waters. 



1. CHANOS SALMONEUS. 

 Mugil chanos, Forskal, Descr. Anim. p. 74 (1775). 

 Mugll salmoneus (Forst.), Bloch-Schneid. Syst. Ichth. p. 421 (1801); Forst. Descr. 



Anim. p. 299 (1844). 

 Chanos arabicus, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 396 (1803) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Pois. xix. 



p. 187 (1846). 

 Lutodeira chanos, Riipp. Fische R. Meer. p. 18 (1828). 

 Lutodeira salmonea, Richards. Zool. Ereb. & Terr., Ichth. p. 58, pi. xxxvi. figs. 1 



& 2 (1846). 

 Chanos mento, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 19!. 

 Chanos chloropterus, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 195. 

 Chanos nuchalis, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 196. 

 Chanos htbina, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 199, pi. ecccclxvii. 

 Chanos salmoneus, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 201 ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 473 (1868) ; 



Bleek. Atlas Ichth. vi. p. 81, pi. cclxxii. fig. 4 (1872); Day, Fish. Ind. p. 651, 



pi. clxvi. fig. 2(1878). 

 Chanos mossambicus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 684, and Reise Mossamb. iv. 



p. 93, pi. xx. fig. 1 (1868). 

 Chanos chanos, Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. 1871, p. 605. 



Depth of body 3| to 3§ times in total length, length of head 3^ to 4 

 times. Snout rounded, about as long as eye, which is 3J to 4 times in 

 length of head ; interorbital region flat, its width 1 to 1| times diameter 

 of eye ; width of mouth less than length of snout. Gill-rakers 

 very closely set and extremely numerous, shorter than gill-lamellae. 



