344 CYPRINIDJE. 



disk on the chin, usually bordered by the lower labial fold ; one or two 

 barbels on each side. Suborbitals not covering the cheek. Gill- 

 openings restricted to the sides. Dorsal fin with 9 to 11 rays, 7 or 8 

 of which are branched, originating in advance of the ventrals. Anal fin 

 short, with 7 rays. Pectoral fins horizontal. A scaly process at the 

 base of the ventral fins. Pharyngeal teeth in three series (2 or 3, 3 or 4, 

 4 or 5 — 5 or 4, 4 or 3, 3 or 2), with hooked, spoon-shaped crowns. 

 Southern Asia and North-east Africa. 



Synopsis of the Species. 



I. Pupil of the eye in the second half of the head ; barbels not more than \ 



diameter of eye ; ventrals below posterior half of dorsal ; Lat. 1. 37-40. 

 Snout projecting strongly beyond mouth, 



the width of which is less than \ length 



of head ; upper lip well developed, 



with a series of papillpe forming a 



fringe 1. D. dembeensis, Hupp., p. 345. 



?nout projecting feebly beyond mouth, 



the width of which equals Jr length of 



head ; upper lip scarcely developed, 



not fringed 2. I). johnstonii, Blgr., p. 34(3. 



II. Pupil of the eye in the middle, or anterior to the middle, of the length of the 



head. 



A. Mental disk well developed, with free posterior border. 



1. Eye lateral, visible from below. 

 Barbels § diameter of eye ; ventrals below 



posterior half of dorsal ; caudal 

 peduncle as long as deep ; Lat. I. 



35-38 3. D. vindguerr.ee, Blgr., p. 347. 



Barbels | to \ diameter of eye ; ventrals 

 below middle of dorsal ; caudal 

 peduncle li to If times as long as 

 deep ; Lat. 1. 38-40 4. D. mahiens'is, Blgr., p. 348. 



2. Eye supero-lateral, not visible from below ; barbels ^ to f diameter of 



eye ; caudal peduncle 1\ to 1^ times as long as deep. 

 Lat. 1. 33-38 ; ventrals below posterior 



half of dorsal 5. D. blanfordii, Blgr., p. 349. 



Lat. 1. 38-42 ; ventrals below middle of 



dorsal 6. D. hindii, Blgr., p. 350. 



B. Mental disk very indistinct, or reduced to a mere pad, without free 



posterior border ; barbels \ to § diameter of eye; Lat. I. 37-42. 



7. D. quadrimaculatus, Riipp., p. 351. 



