LASIOCAMPA QUERCUS. 47 



upperside predominantly ? ; right hind- and left fore wing purely <? , left hind- 

 and right forewing ¥ , with intensely dark-brown c? rayed markings. The under- 

 side of all the wings shows an asymmetrical mingling of <? and ¥ colour. Bred 

 at Hanover. In coll. Wiskott (Wiskott, loc. cit., p. 119). 



0. Incomplete. Left (smaller) side of wings is, as also is the right (larger) 

 side, predominantly ¥ coloured. Yet they show, on the outer margin of fore- 

 wings, running from apex towards base, interrupted about the middle by the 

 yellow ground colour, a stripe of <? colouring some 2^mm. broad ; there is like- 

 wise a further streak of the same brown colour a few millimetres further inwards 

 on the forewings. The left hindwing is quite similarly marked ; this also has on 

 the costa two strokes of the dark c? colour, and in addition there are two stripes 

 thereof. Body and genitalia ¥ , likewise both antennae with small ? pectinations 

 In coll. Daub., Carlsruhe. Described by Gauckler of Carlsruhe (Schultz, Illus. 

 Woch. Ent., ii., p. 414). 



X-^. Two gynandromorphous examples with the sexes mixed in Staudinger's 

 collection. Staudinger in litt. (Schultz, III. Wochenschr. fur Ent.,\\.,\>. 414). [One 

 of these is no doubt the one described by Westwood, see act below (Prout)]. 



to. A gynandromorphous example of L. var. callunae. The left side is male, of the 

 usual rich, glossy, dark chocolate tint, with the ordinary orange-yellow stripes, but the 

 antenna on this side is provided with pectinations of only one-half the usual length ; 

 the right side is ? with ordinary ¥ antenna, and decidedly larger fore- and hindwings 

 but the colour is also rich chocolate, not quite so deep, nor so glossy as on the 

 male side, but of a very rich colour, while the yellow stripe, though present on the 

 forewing, is absent from the hindwing, producing altogether a novel and startling 

 effect. The abdomen is much shrunken and twisted, and divided in sex, a clasper 

 being clearly visible on the male side (Barrett, E. M. M., xxxi., p. 219). 



aa. A curious mixture of both sexes. The forewing on the right side alone 

 being unisexual ( ¥ ) ; anterior half of the left forewing also ? in colour, but this 

 wing is small in size, as in the <? , and its hinder half curiously mottled with the 

 colours of the two sexes : left hindwing with costal one- third ¥ in colour, the inner 

 two- thirds S , with two large, pale, oval discoidal spots ; right hindwing with outer 

 two-thirds the colour of a light d , with four pale submarginal spots, its inner one- 

 third ? , but with a red-brown spot ; antennae shorter and less pectinated than in the 

 c? , thorax and base of abdomen broad as in the ¥ , but the abdomen is small, conical, 

 and shorter than in the <? . In Staudinger's collection, Dresden (Westw., Thesaurus 

 E?it. Oxon., p. 189, pi. xxxv., fig. 14). 



/3/3. Gynandromorphous, showing the chocolate wings and feathered antenna of 

 the $ on the left side ; on the right side the wings are buff, and the antenna is simple 

 as in the ? , the abdomen thicker, and not tufted as on the other. Bred by 

 Gunner John Wilson, of the Royal Artillery, Woolwich (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 

 1868, p. xxxviiiy. 



77. Incomplete, predominantly ? . Both forewings ? , the right hindwing 

 <? , the left ? , with broad g -coloured stripes. Antennae short, alike in form and 

 colour, midway between J and ¥ , stronger than in the ¥ , weaker than in the <? , 

 the pectinations shorter than is normal in the latter sex. Thorax ? in form, 

 abdomen <? but with ? scaling. In the Pilz collection. In litt. (Schultz, ///. Zeits. 

 fur Entom., hi., p. 168). 



dd. Halved, left $ , right ? . Left pair of wings $ , the right ? . Left 

 antenna <? , right ? . The hairs on the thorax also halved, the left side of 

 <? -coloured brown, the right of the yellow tint of the ? . Body ¥ but more 

 slender than is usual in this sex. From Myslowitz. In the Phillips' coll., 

 Cologne. In. litt. (Schultz, "III. Zeits, fiir Ent.," hi., p. 169). 



«. Left ? , right <? ; incomplete. Left wings ¥ , right S . Both antennae 

 ¥ • Body c? with hairs on right side dark brown, on left side light yellow. 

 Thorax right side <? -, left side ¥ -coloured. From Brunswick. In the same coll. 

 In litt. (Schultz, "///. Zeits. fur Ent.:' in., p- 169). 



Z£,-rp}. Two examples of var. callunae, ¥ in size and general build, exactly of 

 c? coloration, having the spots and yellow bands as in $ , but with the body and 

 antennae ¥ . York dist. One in Hewett's, the other in Capper's, collection 

 (Hewett, in litt.). 



Variation. — The study of the variation of this species is 

 exceedingly interesting and difficult. Besides the large number of 

 colour aberrations, in which individual specimens may vary from 

 the dark chestnut-brown of the most extreme male forms to the 

 yellow of the most extreme female forms, the character of the pale 



