PACHYGASTRIA TRIFOLII. 17 



irom Sicily in Constant's coll. are pale, well-marked, with the nervures 

 very pronounced, and with a pale basal patch. Hofmann says of it : 

 " The wings variegated with yellow." 



£. ab. romana, Calb., "Iris," i., p. 15b (1880). — ? Without description. 



Calberla simply notes : " ab. romana, Stdfs. — Die Stammform in 

 Tosc. (M). Auch Aug. (C). Bei Macerata im Sept. (Z.) " [Iris, i., p. 



156 (1886)]; whilst another note reads: "Tuscany where it is the 

 typical form (Standfuss), Roman Campagna (Calberla)." It appears 

 to be merely a MSS. name. At any rate we can trace no description, 

 and Standfuss states that he has never described it. 



i). var. semifasciata, Failla, "Nat. Sic," vii., p. 331 (1888). — Two specimens 

 only in our collection, may be distinguished by the entire absence of the yellow fascia 

 of the hindwings. It is smaller, but of the medicaginis form (Failla-Tedaldi). 



9. ab. terreni, H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 107, figs. 120-3 0^47) ; vi., 

 p. 51 (1852); Ramb., " Cat. Lep". And.," p. 358 (1866) ; Staud., " Cat.," 2nd ed., 

 p. 68(1871);. 3rd ed., p. 121 (1901) ; "Horse Soc. Ent. Ross.," xiw, p. 357 (1879); 

 "Iris,"iv., p. 260 (1892); Kirby, "Cat.," p. 829 (1892); Auriv., "Iris," vii., 

 p. 151 (1894). — Sordide ochracea, mas magis stramineis fcemina magis lateritia. alis 

 anterioribus maris apice valde obtusis, posterioribus fceminae innotatis. Only one 3 

 from Frivaldsky, sufficiently different, however, to be separated from eversmanni. 

 The body plumper than in German specimens (of trifolii), almost plumper than in 

 eversmanni; the outer border and apices of forewings are much rounder, the fringes 

 longer, the first transverse line farther from base, and not contracted into an oval, the 

 hinder is much more strongly sinuate and is continued sharply on the hindwings 

 nearer the base ; the colour is fainter, dirtier, more straw-yellow, fringes of all wings 

 darker ; the transverse lines dirty reddish-brown, not rusty-brown, the basal half of 

 hindwings of same colour, abroad marginal border is only interrupted by the nervures. 

 The underside is straw-yellow, the fringes rather darker, central stripe (which is con- 

 tinued in a straight direction on hindwings) reddish-brown. I do not think I am 

 mistaken in referring to the ? figured at 122-123, as tn ^ s bisect ; it is like a large ? 

 of G. quercus, but has the tips of the forewings much more rounded, the transverse 

 lines much more strongly sinuate, further from the border on the inner margin and 

 absent on the hindwings ; colour more rusty-brown, only somewhat yellower towards 

 base of hindwings ; on the underside, only the hindwings have a broad darker central 

 stripe and border. Bischoff received this ? from the neighbourhood of Constantinople 

 (Herrich-Schaffer, Sys. Bearb., ii., p. 107). To this he adds later : "Specimens which 

 Lederer subsequently received from Brussa as medicaginis make me doubt its specific 

 validity, and accept his suspicion that it really belongs to trifolii. The specimens 

 agree exactly with my figs. 120- 121, but the markings are more reddish, and the 

 curved line on the underside of the hindwings is more acutely angulated on nervure 6. 

 The ? scarcely differs from the ? s of German trifolii'" (foe. cit., vi.. p. 51). Locali- 

 ties.— Asia Minor: Smyrna (Staudinger) . Syria: Brussa (Herrich-Schaffer); 

 Palestine (Staudinger). Russia : Transcaucasia (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Spain : Cadiz, 

 Malaga, several ?s (Rambur). TURKEY : southern Turkey (Staudinger), nr. Con- 

 stantinople (Herrich-Schaffer). 



Staudinger diagnoses the form in his Catalog, p. 121, as: "Alis 

 omnibus flavidis, brunneo-fasciatis, in var. Palestin. plus minusve 

 brunnescentibus ; an sp. div. (?)." He also notes that specimens, 

 probably from Smyrna or Brussa, scarcely differ from cocks, and later 

 writes (Iris, iv., p. 26) that "a third similar form also occurs at Jerusa- 

 lem, of which Paulus also sent a few bred specimens, which he is 

 inclined to consider a distinct species from the two others (salomonis 

 and trifolii var. bathseba), as he says the larva differs from those of 

 both. I refer them provisionally to terreni, H.-Sch., and think it not 

 impossible that this may be a distinct species. Terreni, H.-Sch., male 

 is quite light, with a sharp brown transverse band on all the wings, and 

 a second in the basal part of the forewings which carry centrally a 

 large white dot surrounded by dark. The Jerusalem specimens are 

 rather browner than Herrich-Schaffer's figures, otherwise the figure of 



