PACHYGASTRA TRIFOLII. 13 



almost all the varieties are found." He further adds that " the Andalusian 

 females are identical with the variety terreni of the same sex figured 

 by Herrich-Schaffer, and that the var. ratamae, as represented with 

 him, has a yellow spot at the anal angle of the fringe ; this is too, 

 the colour of the fringe in var. codes, although many of the Anda- 

 lusian ratamae have also the fringe yellow." Staudinger notes that 

 though some of the varieties of this species are very striking, yet 

 the transitions from one form to others are very gradual, and that, from 

 Cadiz larvae, he bred all transitions from ?-atamae to iberica. Moeschler 

 describes a series of transitions from the type to var. medicaginis as 

 follows : 



a. s dark red-brown without trace of a light band, central spot distinct. 



b. <$ dark red-brown with indistinct internally dark-shaded band, and distinct 

 central spot. 



c. S dark red-brown with sharp yellow band that is neither internally nor 

 externally dark-shaded ; the central spot scarcely perceptible. 



d. ? light red-brown, with narrow band, which is largely dark-shaded, central 

 spot small and indistinct. 



e. $ red-brown with denser yellow dustings, especially towards costa, and dis- 

 tinct internally dark-shaded band ; central spot large. 



f. ? light red-brown with rather uniformly distributed fine yellow scaling. 

 Band externally shading off into ground colour, internally dark-shaded, central spot 

 small but distinct. 



g. ? red-brown with much yellow scaling, denser on outer margin and broader 

 band, central spot small. 



h. c? forewings clay-yellow. The margin which, in all the previous forms is 

 lighter, here appears dark red-brown; central spot distinctly margined with red-brown. 



Nageli notes that at Zurich in August, 1893 — 1894, when the 

 species was extraordinarily common, he obtained ab. iberica (entirely 

 brown without band), ab. medicaginis, and also albinic examples of a pale 

 ochre-yellow colour without markings, whilst in the 2 even the white 

 central spot fails. Nolcken states that the specimens from Libau are in 

 both sexes of a red-brown colour, and show no difference from specimens 

 from Sarepta and Germany. Prittwitz says that the Silesian examples 

 are always dull-coloured, the imagines brighter in the south, and adds : 

 " Rambur figures a $ (=var. ratamae) with straw-yellow forewings, two 

 red-brown transverse lines, a red-brown discoidal spot, and red-brown 

 fringes, the hindwings with a straw-yellow base and central band, yellow 

 nervures and a yellow line before the fringes which broadens out into a 

 yellow blotch before the anal angle. The head, antennae, thorax and ab- 

 domen also straw-yellow. Another^ (=var. iberica) figured by Rambui 

 is bright cinnamon-brown on the thorax, collar, shoulders, fringes, central 

 band of hindwings and two transverse shades on forewings darker red- 

 brown." Our own notes upon the more striking specimens in the British 

 Museum collection, are as follows: (1) An example labelled "var. 

 ratamae, H.-Sch., Frey coll.," with the thorax, abdomen, and forewings 

 buff, the outer transverse line red-brown edged externally with paler, no 

 basal line, white central spot ringed with red-brown, fringes red-brown, 

 shiny ; hindwings red-brown, buff at base, fringes concolorous with hind- 

 wings. (2) A male, pale reddish-brown, with outer line slightly paler, an 

 oval basal patch with yellow transverse line edged externally with ochre- 

 ous in contact with patch, white spot edged with darker, fringes concolor- 

 ous with wings, shiny ; hindwings reddish-brown, faint transverse line, 

 fringes concolorous. (3) A $ specimen near this, labelled "Greece, Merlin 

 coll.," roughly-scaled, transverse line without dark edging, the white spot 



