PACHYGASTRIA TRIFOLII. 7 



Pachygastria trifolii, Schiffermiiller. 

 Synonymy. — species: Trifolii, [Schiff.J, "Schmett. Wien.," j). 57 (1775); 

 Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," iii., p. 87, pi. xv., tigs. 1—6 (1783) ; Brahrh, 'Fuess. Neu. 

 Mag.," iii., pp. 151, 160 ( 1 787 ) ; Fab., " Mant.," ii , p. 112, no. 46 (1787; ; " Ent. 

 Syst.," iii., pt. 1, p. 423, no. 52 (1793) ; View., " Tab. Verz.," p. ^ (1789) ; Vill., 

 •'Linn. Ent.," ii., p. 136 (1789) ; Bkh., " Sys. Besch.," iii., pp 88-90, no. 23 (1790) ; 

 " Rhein. Mag.," i., p. 363 (1793); Panz., "En. Germ.," xix., pi. xxiii (1794); 

 Hb., " Larvae Lep.," iii., Bomb, ii., P a., rigs. \a — b [circ. 1800) ; " Eur. Schmett.," 

 ii., pi. xxxix., fig. 171 (? 1803) ; p. 143 (? 1805) ; " Verz.," p. 186 (? 1822; ; 111 , 

 " Syst. Verz. Wien.," n. Ausg., i., p. no (1801) ; Schrk., " Faun. Boica," ii , Abth. 

 1, p. 277 (1801) ; Abth. 2, p. 154 (1802) ; Latr., " Hist. Nat.," xiv., p. 178 (1805) ; 

 Ochs., " Die Schmett.," iii.. p. 262 (1810) ; Germ., " Bomb. Spec," ii., p. 47 (1812) ; 

 Leach, " Edin. Encycl.," ix., p. 132 (1815) ; Oken, " Lehrb. Naturg.," p. 707 (1815) ; 

 God t., ■' Hist. Nat.," iv., p 99 (1822) ; Curt., "Brit. Ent.," expl. pi. 181 (1827); 

 " Guide," p. 142 (1829) ; btphs., "111. Haust.," ii., p. 39 (1828) ; " Cat. Brit. Ins.," 

 p. 46 (1829) ; "List Br. An. Br. Mus.," v., 1st ed., p. 46 (1850) ; 2nd ed., p. 42 

 (1856) ; Bdv., " Eur. Lep Ind. Meth.," p. 48 (1829) ; " Icones," p. 158, pi. Ixv., 

 fig. 2 [circ. 1840) ; " Icon. Chen.," pi. v., fig. 3 [circ. 1840) ; " Gen. et Ind.," p. 71 

 (1840) ; Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 197 (1830) ; Dup., "Hist. Nat," supp. iii., 

 p. 85 (1836) ; •' Icon, des Chen.," ii., pi. iv., fig. 2 [circ. 1840) ; " Cat. Meth.," p. 78 

 (1844); Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 21, fig. 41 (1839); Humph. & Westd., "Brit. 

 Moths," p. 58 (? 1843); Err., "Neu. Beit.," pi. 434 (1844;; H.-Sch., " Sys Bearb.," 

 ii., p. 107 (1847); Guen., "Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.," p. 450 (1850); "Cat. Lep. Eure- 

 et-Loir," p. 82 (1875) > Bon -» " Vet. Ak. Hand.," 1848, p. 141 (1850) ; Heyd., "Lep. 

 Eur. Cat. Meth.," ed. 3, p. 26 (185 1) ; Led., " Verh. z.-b. Wien.," ii., p. 75 (1853; I 

 Selys, " Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.," i., p. 58 (1857) ; Sta., " Man.," i., p. 153 (1857) ; 

 Spey., 'Geog., Verb. Schmett.," i., p. 412 (1858) ; ii., p. 288 (1862) ; Hein., "Schmett. 

 Deutsch ," p. 206 (1859); Humph., "Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 24 (i860); Staud., 

 " Cat.," ed. 1, p. 29 (1861) ; ed. 2, p. 68 (1871) ; ed. 3, p. 121 (1901) ; " Hor. Soc. 

 Ent. Ross.," xiv., p. 357 (1879); Rbr., "Cat. Lep. And.,'' p. 357 (1866); Snell., " De 

 Vlind.," p. 184 (1867); Berce, "Faun. Franc.," ii., p. 189 (1868); Nolck., < Lep. Fn. 

 Est!.," i., p. 127 (1868) ; Wallgrn., " Skand. Het. jbjar.," ii., p. 65 (1869) ; Newm., 

 "Ent.," ii., p., 291 (1865) ; " Brit. Moths," p. 44 (1869); Bang-Haas, "Nat.Tids.," 

 (3), ix., p. 412 (1874); Cuniy Mart., "Cat. Lep. Bare," p. 68 (1874); Mill., "Cat. Lep. 

 Alp. -Mar.," p. 143 (1875) 5 Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," viii., p. 150 (1876) ; Frey, 

 "Lep. Schweiz," p. 96 (1880); Oberth., "Et. Ent.," vi., p. 94 (1881) ; Jord., 

 "Schmett. N.-W. Deutsch.," p. 96 (1886) ; Failla-Ted., "Nat. Sicil.," vii., p. 230 

 (1888); Buckl., "Larvae, &c," iii., p. 78, pi. xlvii., fig. 1 (1889); Auriv., "Nord. Fjar.," 

 p. 63 (1889); "Iris," vii., p. 151 (1894); Strom, " Danm. Somm.," p. 20 (1891) ; 

 Riihl, " Soc. Ent.," v., p. 178 (1891) ; Kirby, "Cat.," p. 828 (1892); Meyr., 

 " Handbk.," p. 321 (1895) '■> Tutt ' ' Brit - Moths," p. 56 (1896) ; "Proc. Sth. Lond. 

 Ent. Soc," pp. 1 et seq. (1898); Barr., "Lep. Brit.," iii., p. 21, pi. xc (1896); 

 Dyar, " Can. Ent.," xxx., p. 5 (189S); Grote, " IUus. Zeits. fur Ent.," iii., p. 70 (1898) ; 

 Reutti, " Lep. Bad.," 2nd ed., p. 57 f 1898). Dumeti, Fuess., " Verz.," p. 34, no. 

 6 43 i l 77S)- Quercus, Sepp, "Ned. Ins.," ii., st. 4, p. 59, pi. 13— 14 (? 1777). 

 Onobrichis* Gladb., " Nam. und Pieis.," s.p. (1778) ; Kiihn, " Kurze Anleitung," 

 ed. 2, p. 121 (1783). Trifolius, Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 83, no. 6 (1803). 



Original description. — [Sect. : Larvae Villosae. Ph. Bombyces 

 Ccntropunctae. The larvae have on the segments short complicated 

 furry hairs. The transformation takes place above ground, in the first 

 two species (potatoria, rubi) in soft- and in the other species in hard- 

 shelled cylindrical coverings. The moths are tongueless, have large 

 rounded wings, mostly with a whitish central spot and one or two 



* Onobrichis, Linnei, Gladb., " Namen-und-Preissverzeichniss," 1778. With 

 reference to Rose!, Band i., Taf. 35A, " Der rare Quittenvogel." [Reprinted 

 in Kuhn's "Kurze Anleitung," Sec, ed. 2 (1783), p. [21. Zeller [Stett. Ent. 

 Zeit., xvi., p. 94) called attention to Gladbach's " Name and Price Cata- 

 logue," in which an early, though crude, attempt was made to supply a Linnean 

 nomenclature to Rosel and Kleemann ; the name onobrichis may perhaps be 

 considered inadmissible on the ground of the erroneous addition of " Linnei," but 

 it is to be feared that the right of priority will have to be accorded to some of 

 Gladbach's names, which are properly formed. Werneburg and others refer 

 Rosel's figures (pi. 35A) to the medicaginis form of trifolii (Prout).] 



