PACHYGASTRIINjE. 3 



P. trifolii and var. medicaginis i, P. trifolii var. medicaginis i, Lasiocampa 

 quercus 24. We have added, in our detailed account of the species, 

 others not noted by Schultz. Standfuss states (Handbitch &c, p. 57) 

 that Wagner has hybridised Lasiocampa querciis $ X Pachygastria 

 trifolii 2 and obtained a female from the cross. This we would call 

 Lasiocampa hybr. wagneri. Bouskell records the laying of a few 

 parthenogenetic eggs by a ? of P. trifolii (antea, vol. i., p. 29). 



The subfamily is, so far as is known, a small one, and confined to 

 the Palaearctic area, the species extending (with only one or two excep- 

 tions) no great distance north or south of the Mediterranean, but 

 travelling further eastward into Central Asia. 



Tribe : Pachygastriidi. 



This tribe, as we have already said, includes the typical Lasio- 

 campids and has three Palaearctic genera — Pachygastria, L.asiocampa and 

 Aurivillia. -It excludes the Lambessidi, typified by Lambessa staudingeri, 

 in which the female is more or less apterous. The genera are highly 

 specialised, and form a branch apparently quite distinct from the 

 Eutrichids, and having no close relationship with Macrothylacia, with 

 the species of which those representing the Pachygastriid genera have 

 been included, even in the same genus. 



Genus : Pachygastria, Hiibner. 



Synonymy. — Genus: Pachygastria, Hb., " Verz.," p. 186 (? 1822) ; Tutt, 

 " Brit. Lep.," ii., pp. 436, 439, 458, et seq. (1900) ; Bacot, "Tutt's Brit. Lep.," ii., 

 p. 439 (1900). Bonibyx, Schiff., " Schmett. Wien.," p. 57 (1775) ; Fab., " Maht. 

 Ins.," ii., p. 112 (1787); "Ent. Syst.," hi., 1^.423 (1793); View., " Tab. Verz.," 

 i., p. 33 (1789) ; Panz., " Fn. Germ.," xix., pi. xxiii (1794) ; Hb., " Larvae Lep.," 

 iii., Bomb, ii., Verae, P. a. I (? 1800) ; " Eur. Schmett.," ii., fig. 171 (? 1803) ; text 

 p. 143 (? 1805); 111., "Syst. Verz. Wien.," n. Ausg., i., p. no (1801) ; Schrk., 

 "Faun. Boica," ii., Abth. 1, p. 277 (1801) ; Haw., "Lep. Brit.," pt. 1, p. 83 (1803) ; 

 Godt., " Hist. Nat.," iv., p. 99 (1822) ; Bdv., " Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 48 (1829) ; 

 "Icones," p. 158, pi. lxv., fig. 2 {circ. 1840) ; "Icon. Chenilles," pi. v., fig. 3 {circ. 

 1840) ; '• Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 71 (1840) ; Dup., "Hist. Nat.." supp. iii., p. 85 

 (1836) ; " Icon, des Chenilles," ii., pi. iv., fig. 2 {circ. 1840 ?) ; " Cat. Meth.," p. 78 

 (1844) ; Fit., " Neu. Beit.," pi. 434 (1844) ; Boh.. "Vet. Ak. Handl.," 1848, p. 141 

 (1850) ; Staud., " Cat.," 1st ed., p. 29 (1861); 2nd ed., p. 68 (1871) ; " Hor. Soc. 

 Ent. Ross.," xiv.. p. 357 (1879) ; Snell., "De Vlind.," p. 184 (1867) ; Berce, "Faun. 

 Franc," ii., p. 189 (1868) ; Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Est.," i., p. 127 (1868) ; Newm., 

 " Brit. Moths," p. 44 (1869) ; Wallgrn., " Skand. Het. Fjar.," ii., p. 65 (1869) ; Cuni 

 y Mart., " Cat. Lep. Bare," p. 68 (1874) '•> Guen., " Lep. Eure-et-Loir," p. 82 (1875) ; 

 Mill., " Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 143 (1875) ; Curd, •' Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," viii., 

 p. 150 (1876) ; Frev, " Lep. Schweiz," p. 96 (1880) ; Lampa, " Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 

 41 (1885) ; Jordan,"" Schmett. N.-W. Deutsch.," p. 96 (1886) ; Riihl, " Soc. Ent.," 

 v., p. 178 (1891) ; Tutt, " Brit. Moths," p. 56 (1896) ; Reutti, " Lep. Bad.," 2nd ed., 

 p. 57 (1898). Phalaena (-Bombyx), Esp., "Schmett. Eur.," iii., p. 87, pi. xv., figs. 

 1—6 (1783) ; Vill., "Linn. Ent.," ii., p. 136 (1789) ; Bkh., " Sys. Besch.," hi., p. 88 

 (1790) ; " Rhein. Mag.," i., p. 363 (1793). Phalaena, Lewin, " Trans. Linn. Soc," 

 hi., p. 3, pi. ii., figs. 1 — 4 (1797). Lasiocampa, Schrank, "Faun. Boica," ii., Abth. 

 2, p. 154 (1802); Germ., " Bomb. Spec," ii., p. 47 (1812); Leach, " Edin. Ency.," ix., 

 p. 132 (1815) ; Oken, " Lehrb. Naturg.," p. 707 (1815) ; Curt., "Brit. Ent.," iii., 

 pi. 181 and expl. (1827) ; " Guide," p. 142 (1829) ; Stphs., "111. Haust.," ii., p. 39 

 (1828); " Cat. Brit. Ins.," p. 46 (1829); "List An. Br. Mus.," v., 1st ed., p. 46 

 (1850) ; 2nd ed., p. 42 (1856) ; Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. T97 (1830) ; Wood, 

 "Ind. Ent.," p. 21, fig. 41 (1839); Humph, and Westd.. "Brit. Moths," p. 58 

 (? 1843); Sta., "Man.," i., p. 153 (1857); Humph., " Gen. Brit. Moths." p. 24 (i860); 

 Ramb., " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 357 (1866) ; Bang-Haas, " Nat. Tids.," (3), ix., p. 412 

 (1874) ; Buck!, "Larvae, &c," hi., p. 78 (1889) ; Strom, "Damn. Somm.." p. 20 

 (1891); Kirby, "Cat.," p. 828 (1892); Meyr., "Handbook, &c," p. 321 (1895); 

 Auriv., "iris." vii., p. 151 (1894) ; Barr.. " Brit. Lep.," p. 21. pi. xc (1896) ; Dyar, 

 "Can. Ent.," xxx., p. 5 (1898) ; Grote, " Illus. Zeits. far Ent.," hi., p. 70 (1898) ; 



