LASIOCAMPA QUERCUS. 61 



blotch on both sides of median line on those segments in which it is present ; a 

 faint, interrupted, white, lateral line just above bases of prolegs ; on the dorsum 

 of each segment is a longitudinal series of bright yellow or orange transverse 

 spots, pale yellow on the meso- and metathorax, and four in number (two short, 

 one long, then another short) ; on the abdominal three (one short, one long, then 

 another short), and orange in colour; these are formed by the dorsal tubercular warts 

 being bright yellow, as also is the area of the subsegment between them (the yellow 

 extending across the back as far, or rather farther, down each side than the supra- 

 spiracular tubercles) ; on the subdorsal area, the margin surrounding these yellow 

 transverse stripes is blotched with velvety-black, especially well marked on meso-, 

 metathoracic and 1st abdominal segments; abdominal segments I — 8 each have 

 an oblong blotch or stripe on either side, bordered above by a rather longer 

 black stripe; on the 1st and 8th these are horizontal, but on the 2nd to 7th they 

 are set obliquely, and, as the larva gets well-grown in 1st stadium, they lengthen and 

 form a series of faint oblique stripes in some respects like those on larvae of Cosmo- 

 triche potatoria and Dlmorpha versicolora, and sloping in the same direction ; the 

 bases of prothoracic ear-tubercles orange ; the other large lateral tubercles (iii, 

 iv + v) are whitish at base; the long dorsal hairs are black, the lateral 

 hairs and the short dorsal hairs are white (November 1st, 1896). Second instar (One 

 moulted into this skin on November 8th) : Head : dull dead blue, with scattered 

 white and a few black hairs, and same face-markings as in 1st instar. Body : 

 prothoracic scutellum still fairly smooth ; lateral tubercles on thoracic segments still 

 large and prominent ; all other tubercles of isc instar almost or quite 

 obsolete ; the 8th abdominal segment slightly humped in region of anterior trap- 

 ezoidals ; hairs more numerous and scattered; whilst in 1st instar only a few 

 secondary hairs were present, and these arose from small secondary tubercles, there 

 is now a tendency for the tubercles to flatten out and hairs to arise from all parts of 

 the skin-surface ; the bright yellow and orange of the transverse dorsal spots has 

 deepened into orange-red, the spots forming a series of irregular, diamond- shaped 

 patches ; a group of white hairs (hardly a tuft) present on the dorsum of meso- 

 and metathorax ; on abdominal segments I — 7 a wedge-shaped spot forms the 

 apex of the diamond previously mentioned ; the ends of the middle transverse 

 bars on meso- and metathorax (now forming the right and left points of diamond- 

 shaped marking) much paler than on other segments (and suggest the origin of 

 the white or yellowish spots that occur in a similar position on the larvae of 

 Cosmotriche potitoria) ; lateral hairs white, long dorsal hairs black, the short dorsal 

 ones red ; a faint, interrupted, blue subdorsal line present, formed by a dot on each 

 segment (suggesting the much more strongly marked blue stripes of the larvse of 

 Pachygastria trifolii and Malacosoma castrensis (November 15th). Third instar 

 (One larva in 3rd instar, November 22nd, nearly all in this skin by December 6th, 

 1896). Length from 16mm.— 25mm. Head as in second instar, thickly covered 

 with fine white hairs. Body : much deeper in colour ; dorsal area velvety-black ; 

 lateral and ventral areas deep blue, mottled and spotted with black ; remnants of 

 oblique stripes and lateral lines, clearly marked, deep orange-red in colour; the 

 lateral line broken and crossed by the oblique lines, and faintly edged with white 

 or cream (especially marked on 1st abdominal) ; a short white dash on each 

 abdominal from 2 to 7, just above lateral line (these dashes sometimes with a 

 bluish tint) ; on the meso- and metathorax the ends of the middle and yellow 

 transverse dorsal band now left as disconnected spots (oi'ten whitish at top), due 

 either to loss of the remainder of band, or to its obliteration by the dense dorsal 

 fur (spots of similar form and position are present on the larva of Cosmotriche 

 potatoria) ; the mediodorsal line of white wedge - shaped spots is fairly traceable ; 

 spiracles white ; tubercles quite as smooth as in 2nd instar, colour deep orange- 

 red ; the 8th abdominal segment still slightly humped ; prothorax wider than 

 other segments ; lateral and ventral hairs white, dorsal hairs short, thick, forming 

 a golden - brown fur with a few long black hairs twice as long as the thickness 

 of the body ; an isolated patch of white hairs still present on dorsum of meso- 

 and metathorax, and a few scattered ones on the dorsum of each abdominal seg- 

 ment ; the short, thick dorsal fur stops abruptly at the junction of the segments, 

 exhibiting, when larva is stretched, the velvety-black of ground colour (December 

 6th, 1896). Fourth instar (Three larvae moulted into this instar, December 20th) : 

 Head : rich golden-brown, mottled and spotted with black, white markings on 

 face still present; a short downy coat of golden hairs, a few scattered, long, white ones, 

 and a few black ones, of medium length on head. Body : spiracles white, now very 

 prominent (previously only those on the prothorax and Sth abdominal segment were 

 conspicuous) ; hairs forming thick, short dorsal fur, golden-brown in tint ; in addition to 



