80 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Pomona (Cheesman), absent in Shetlands (McArthur). Perth : throughout the county 

 on the moors — Kirriemuir, Glenfalloch dist. (White), Perth (Wylie), Glen Lochay, 

 Rannoch (Morton), Methven Moss (Bush\ Callander, Aberfoyle (Evans), 

 Camachgouran (Longstaff). Renfrew: Port Glasgow (Cross), Kilmalcolm (Duns- 

 more), Mearns Moors (Dalglish). Ross: Contin (White), Outer Hebrides 

 (McArthur). Roxburgh: Hawick (Guthrie), Galashiels (Haggart) Jedburgh 

 (Elliot). Staffs : Cannock dist. (Bostock), Rugeley (Freer), Burnt Wood, Market 

 Drayton dist. (Woodforde). Stirling : Drymen (Ord), Fiutry (Eggleton), 

 Stirling (Sim teste Studd). Sutherland: Lochinver (Beveridge), Strathmore, 

 Milness, &c. (Mackay). Tyrone: Tyrone, Dungannon (Greer), Altadiawan (Kanej. 

 Westmorland : Witherslack (Porritt), Winster, Rowdsey Moss (Cotton), 

 Windermere, Kendal (Moss). Wigton : Monreith (Morton), Corsemalzie dist., 

 Whauphill, Quhillart Moor, &c. (Gordon). Yorks : very common on moor- 

 lands of West Riding (Butterfield), Crosland Moor, Huddersrield, Linthwaite 

 (Porritt), Whitby, Sleight's Moor, (Ash), Harrogate (Ridley), Exton Hills, nr. 

 Battersby, Lennington, Great Ay ton, Ribsdale (Lofthouse), Birstwith (Walker), 

 Halifax (Fenn), Greetland Moor (Shipston), Ehombald's Moor, Leeds (Hud- 

 son), Cloughton Moor (Head), Newlandale (Hall), Bradford (Carter), Colther- 

 stone (Hewett), Danby, Ribblehead (Pearson), Ilkley Moor (Beauland). 

 Distribution. — Austro - Hungary : Bucovina (Hormuzaki), Carpathian 

 mountains (Caradja), the Riesen and Marienbad (Nickerl). Belgium : Once nr. 

 Taviers, 15 miles from Namur (Lambillion) . Denmabk : heath districts (Bang- 

 Haas). Germany: mountains of Silesia (Prittwitz), nr. Ueberlingen, Eckberg, 

 nr. Sackingen (Reutti), Thuringian mountains (Krieghoft), Saxon Upper Lusatia 

 (Schutze), Dresden (Steinert), mts. of Wiirtemburg (Hofmann), Oberursel (Schmid), 

 Rheingau (Fuchs), Cassel (Jordan), Wolmar (Lutzau). Italy : Piedmontese 

 mountains, Courmayeur (Tutt). Netherlands : heath districts (Snellen), Upper 

 Hartz (Heinemann). Russia: Baltic provinces, Treiden, &c. (Nolcken). Scan- 

 dinavia: Sweden, East Gothland (Lampa) ; southern Lapland, rare — Lycksele, 

 &c. (Zetterstedt). Switzerland : Upper Engadine* (Mengelbir). 



Possibly as much has been written of this local race of L. quercus as 

 of any other insect inhabiting Britain. It was introduced as a distinct 

 species in 1847, by Weaver, and many discussions took place as to 

 whether it should or should not be so considered, these discussions 

 being largely based on differences in the appearance of the larva and the 

 imago, and physiological differences in the economy of the insect as com- 

 pared with the normal habits of quercus in our southern counties. Weaver 

 insists (Zoo/., 1856, p. 5403) on its specific distinctness, gives callunae, 

 the larvae of which he first found in 1844 on the Rannoch moors, the 

 name of the "Scotch Eggar," says that it is of a darker colour, the 

 antennae one-third longer with 84 antennal joints {quercus 64) ; the 

 larva, more or less bluish in parts, the underside brownish with a 

 row of large black spots, the cocoon larger, rough, dark brown in 

 colour, the insect requiring two years to undergo its transformations. 

 Doubleday, who was very keen on the differences between quercus 

 and callunae, and inclined to give the latter specific rank, notes 

 querctis as having " larvae found on whitethorn hedges, fullfed early 

 in June, when they spin up, remaining six or eight weeks in the pupal 

 stage, the moths appearing about the end of July or beginning of 

 August." It differs, he says, from callunae in the form of the band on 

 both upper and lower wings, on the upper wings of quercus, the band 

 always turns inwards on the lower margin, in callunae it turns oub 

 wards, whilst on the lower wings of callunae the yellow band turns 

 down to the anal angle, while in quercus it is nearly a semi- 



* Mengelbir notes that Pfaffenzeller gives "spartii" as occurring in the 

 Engadine, but adds that he suspects that Pfaffenzeller was referring to the dark- 

 coloured form of L. quercus, the var. spartii being a southern form. Pfaffenzeller 

 was evidently right ; at any rate Mengelbir is entirely wrong in calling spartii 

 a southern form. 



