92 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



goes north (Holland); eggs hatched August 18th, 1864, at North- 

 leach, pupation of larvae took place during August, 1865, an imago 

 emerged June 28th, 1866 (Todd); a larva pupated in 1865 at 

 Worcester, produced an imago, July, 1866 (Edmunds); a cocoon was 

 picked up at Witney in early May, 1861, having gone through 

 the preceding winter as pupa, and emerged in due course in 

 the summer (Stone); a 5 emerged May, 1861, from a pupa 

 found at Stoke, in south Devon, and that had evidently gone over the 

 winter in that stage (Harvie) ; on February 14th, 1865, took 29 

 cocoons of L. querent from the bottom of a hawthorn hedge near 

 Derby ; they were large, brown, and oval-shaped, and produced 

 ordinary typical - looking imagines (Tunaley) ; larva, in summer of 

 1870, at Driffield, went over winter 1870 — 1871 and emerged in the 

 summer of 187 1 (Dawson); larva, found at Harrow, spun up June, 

 1872, emerged July 2nd, 1873, yet another, taken at the same place, 

 which spun up July 2nd, 1873, emerged on August 2nd, 1873 (Bull); 

 larva at Christchurch, Hants, in August, 1890, and another at Yar- 

 mouth, Isle of Wight, a day or so later, produced imagines which both 

 emerged within two or three days of each other in 1891, the earlier, a 

 2 , on July 14th (Bristowe) ; fullfed larvae, taken August 29th, 1891, at 

 Folkestone, spun up within a few days, went over the winter as 

 pupae, and produced imagines in 1892 (Mackmurdo); larvae, August, 

 189 1, at Folkestone, hybernated as pupae, and emerged June, 1892, 

 as typical L. quercus (Bacot) ; on sandhills at Stockport, larvae col- 

 lected in 1895, most of which produced imagines the same season, 

 but 11 went over as pupae and emerged in June, 1896 

 (Johnson) ; Wicken larvae, obtained June, 1891, gave several imagines 

 July 1 2th, &c, of the same year, but some of the pupae did 

 not disclose imagines till the summer of 1892 (James) ; of two 

 larvae at Chester, June, 1891, one produced an imago August 9th, 

 1 89 1, the other went over the winter as pupa and emerged in 1892 

 (Arkle) ; larvae at Overton usually spin up and produce the imagines 

 the same summer, but one emerged July 3rd, 1893, from an 1892 

 pupa (Perkins); August 25th, 1894, small larva on ash at Eltham, fed 

 up slowly through 1895, passed winter of 1895 — 1896 as pupa, emerg- 

 ing June 29th, 1896 (Bower); a single pupa of a whole brood 

 taken at Mansfield, went over the winter in this stage, and 

 produced a typical Z. quercus the next summer (Daws) ; larvae half- 

 grown, at Wrotham, June 6th, 1897, produced imago August 14th, 

 1898 (Carr) ; larva, at Benfleet, 1897 (or earlier), produced imago 

 July 18th, 1898 (Whittle). Tero observes that, on December 17th, 

 1882, he reared a specimen of L. quercus that had been in the pupal 

 stage since 1879. Occasionally an example spins up normally, goes 

 over its usual time for emergence, giving one the idea that the winter 

 will be passed in the pupal stage, and then emerges late in autumn. 

 Such an one is noted by Prout, who bred one from a Sandown larva 

 on September 26th, 1900, after it had been three months in the pupal 

 condition. The peculiarity of the larval habits of typical L. 

 quercus, when compared with those of its varieties, makes all 

 scraps of information from other than British districts more or 

 less important. Not only do we find some larvae in many 

 British localities following the habit of typical L. quercus and others, 

 in the same district, under apparently identical conditions fol- 



